Cardamine johnstonii Oliv. - A Detailed Description
Cardamine johnstonii Oliv. is a plant species belonging to the family Brassicaceae, also known as the mustard family, and is native to the southeastern region of Africa. It is commonly known as the "Johnston's bittercress" or "Johnston's cress."
General Appearance
The plant has a rosette of leaves that are divided into 3-5 leaflets. The leaves are dark green in color, smooth-textured, and slightly toothed. The flowers of the plant grow on a long stem and are small, white, and star-shaped. The plant usually grows to a height of 10-25 cm.
Uses
Cardamine johnstonii Oliv. is not commonly used for medicinal purposes. However, it has been traditionally used by local communities as a food source. The leaves have a slightly bitter taste and are either eaten raw or cooked. The plant is also an important source of food for grazing animals.
Cardamine johnstonii Oliv. is also appreciated as a garden plant due to its colorful flowers and attractive leaves, which add charm to any garden. It is suitable for areas with partial shades and moist soil conditions.
Cultivation
The plant Cardamine johnstonii Oliv. prefers moist, well-drained soils and partial shade conditions. It is important to note that the plant is not drought-tolerant and requires regular watering. The plant can be propagated through the division of the rootstock, or through the planting of seeds during the fall.
The plant is suitable for container gardening and can be grown successfully indoors in well-lit areas. It requires a regular application of balanced fertilizers to promote healthy growth and flowering.
Overall, the Cardamine johnstonii Oliv. is known for its attractive appearance, and traditional uses for food. It needs easy-care to thrive, which makes it an excellent choice for beginner gardeners.Light Requirements
Cardamine johnstonii Oliv. prefers partial to full sun exposure. It can tolerate shade, but the plant may not bloom as profusely. Therefore, it is recommended to plant the species in a location that receives adequate sunlight but not direct sun exposure during the hottest parts of the day.
Temperature Requirements
The plant thrives in mild to cool temperatures ranging from 20-25°C during the day and 10-15°C at night. While Cardamine johnstonii Oliv. can tolerate colder temperatures, it is best to avoid exposing the plant to frost. Extreme heat, on the other hand, may cause the plant to wilt and become susceptible to diseases.
Soil Requirements
The species prefers well-draining and moist soils with a pH level between 5.5 and 6.5. The soil should be high in organic matter, with good drainage and aeration to prevent waterlogging. It also requires moderate fertilization with phosphorous and potassium-rich fertilizers in the growing season to ensure healthy plant growth.
Cultivation methods for Cardamine johnstonii Oliv.
Cardamine johnstonii Oliv. is a beautiful plant endemic to the African highlands. If you want to cultivate this plant in your garden, here are some cultivation methods you can use.
- Soil: Cardamine johnstonii Oliv. thrives in well-drained soil enriched with organic matter. The soil should be slightly acidic with a pH between 6.0 and 6.5.
- Light: This plant prefers partially shaded conditions. You can plant it under trees or other taller plants that provide filtered sunlight.
- Temperature: Cardamine johnstonii Oliv. prefers cool temperatures. It can tolerate mild frost but not extreme cold. The ideal temperature range for this plant is between 10 and 25°C.
- Propagation: You can propagate Cardamine johnstonii Oliv. by seeds or division. However, division is the preferred method as it is less stressful for the plant and ensures genetic consistency.
Watering needs for Cardamine johnstonii Oliv.
Watering is important for the growth and survival of Cardamine johnstonii Oliv. Here are some watering tips to keep in mind.
- Frequency: Water the plant regularly, especially during dry spells. Avoid overwatering, which can cause root rot.
- Water quality: This plant is sensitive to chemicals in tap water. Use rainwater or distilled water for best results.
- Watering technique: Water the plant at the base to avoid wetting the foliage, which can cause fungal diseases.
Fertilization for Cardamine johnstonii Oliv.
Cardamine johnstonii Oliv. can benefit from occasional fertilization. Here are some tips to keep in mind.
- Type of fertilizers: Use a balanced fertilizer with equal amounts of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. Alternatively, you can use a slow-release fertilizer.
- Timing: Fertilize the plant during the growing season, typically in spring and summer. Avoid fertilizing in winter when the plant is dormant.
- Application: Apply the fertilizer to the soil around the plant, taking care not to sprinkle it on the foliage.
Pruning for Cardamine johnstonii Oliv.
Pruning can help shape and control the growth of Cardamine johnstonii Oliv. Here are some tips.
- Timing: Prune the plant in late winter or early spring before new growth appears.
- Tools: Use clean and sharp pruning shears to make clean cuts and avoid damaging the plant.
- Technique: Cut back any dead or damaged stems to the base. Trim back any overgrown or leggy stems to promote fuller growth.
Propagation of Cardamine johnstonii Oliv.
Cardamine johnstonii Oliv. is a perennial herbaceous plant that is native to China. It grows best in moist and shaded environments such as woodlands, stream banks, and rocky crevices. This plant can be propagated through various methods such as seeds, division, and stem cuttings.
Propagation by seeds
The easiest way to propagate Cardamine johnstonii Oliv. is through seeds. Collect the seeds from the parent plant when the seed pods turn brown and begin to split open. Sow the seeds in a nursery bed with well-draining soil and keep the soil moderately moist. The seeds take around 2-3 weeks to germinate. Transplant the seedlings once they are strong enough to handle.
Propagation by division
Propagation by division is another useful method for Cardamine johnstonii Oliv. It involves separating the plant into smaller sections to create new plants. Divide the plant clump into smaller sections in the early spring or fall when the plant is dormant. Replant the sections in a well-draining soil mix, and keep the soil moist until the roots are established.
Propagation by stem cuttings
Propagation by stem cuttings is also a feasible option for Cardamine johnstonii Oliv. Take stem cuttings from the parent plant in the late spring or early summer when the plant is actively growing. The cuttings should be around 4-8 inches long, and they should contain several leaves. Dip the cuttings in rooting hormone powder, and then plant them in a well-draining potting mix. Keep the soil moderately moist until the roots are established.
Disease Management for Cardamine johnstonii Oliv.
Cardamine johnstonii Oliv. is a sturdy plant that is relatively resistant to most diseases. However, it can still fall prey to various fungal and bacterial infections. One of the most common diseases that affect this plant is powdery mildew. This fungal infection can lead to the formation of a white powdery layer on leaves and stems, which can hinder photosynthesis and stunt plant growth.
To manage powdery mildew in Cardamine johnstonii Oliv., it is recommended to prune infected plant parts and dispose of them properly. Regularly monitor the plant for signs of infection and use a fungicide if necessary.
Pest Management for Cardamine johnstonii Oliv.
While Cardamine johnstonii Oliv. is resistant to most insect pests, it can still fall victim to aphids, snails, and slugs. Aphids are common pests that can suck the plant's sap, causing wilting and slow growth. Snails and slugs tend to feed on the leaves, leading to holes and browning.
To manage aphids, use insecticidal soap or neem oil. Encouraging beneficial insects like ladybugs and lacewings can also help control aphids. To manage snails and slugs, pick them by hand or use iron phosphate bait. Ensure that the growing area is clear of debris, which can harbor snails and slugs. Additionally, provide proper irrigation to avoid creating moist environments that would attract snails and slugs.
