Overview:
Caralluma oxyodonta Chiov. is a succulent plant that belongs to the Apocynaceae family. It is a rare species that is native to the eastern part of Africa, particularly in Somalia, Kenya, and Tanzania.
Common Names:
Caralluma oxyodonta Chiov. is commonly known as ‘’Kilele’’ in Swahili, which means ‘’to rise above’’. It is also called ‘’Katungi’’ in Somalia.
Appearance:
The plant has a stem that can grow up to 30cm tall and 3cm in diameter. It has rough and hairy stems, with succulent foliage that grows opposite each other. The leaves are small, ovate, and green. The stems sometimes bear a few tiny branches. The flower is a beautiful, five-petaled pink-and-white flower, that has a diameter of approximately 2cm.
Uses:
The plant has been used for different purposes by native people in East Africa. It has been used for medicinal purposes due to its anti-inflammatory and pain-relieving properties. Additionally, it has been used as a vegetable by Somali nomads to supplement their food rations during droughts. Its edible parts include the stems and leaves, which can be eaten when cooked, and it is an excellent source of vitamins, minerals, and nutrients.
Light conditions
Caralluma oxyodonta Chiov. thrives well under full sunlight. This species requires at least six hours of direct sunlight daily. Lack of sufficient sunlight can cause the plant to grow weak and leggy.
Temperature requirements
Caralluma oxyodonta Chiov. prefers moderate temperatures ranging from 20 to 28 degrees Celsius. It can tolerate some heat stress, but temperatures above 30 degrees Celsius can stunt growth and cause leaf drop. Frost and freezing temperatures are harmful to this species and could cause permanent damage to the plant.
Soil conditions
The plant prefers well-draining, sandy-loamy soil that is rich in organic matter. The pH of the soil should be slightly acidic to neutral, ranging from 6.0 to 7.5. High levels of salinity and water-logged soils can cause root rot and negatively impact plant growth. It is best to amend the soil with organic materials like compost to improve soil aeration and drainage.
Cultivation Methods
Caralluma oxyodonta Chiov. thrives well in a range of climatic conditions from dry to semi-arid regions. The plant can tolerate temperature ranges from 10°C to 50°C. It requires well-drained soil and full sunlight exposure.
The plant can be quickly propagated through stem cuttings. Cuttings should be taken from the plant's tips, ensuring that they are at least 8cm long and have at least two leaves attached.
Before planting, the cuttings should be left to dry and heal for two to three days. After this, the cuttings can be planted directly into the soil. Alternatively, they can be planted in nursery bags or trays under controlled conditions.
Watering Needs
Caralluma oxyodonta Chiov. is a drought-resistant plant that can survive for long periods without water. However, during the growing season, the plant requires regular watering to grow and flower to its maximum potential.
When watering, ensure that the soil is saturated to a depth of at least 10cm. Then, allow the soil to dry out completely before watering again. This schedule should be maintained consistently to avoid overwatering and underwatering.
Fertilization
Caralluma oxyodonta Chiov. benefits from regular fertilization to promote healthy growth and flowering. The plant requires balanced N-P-K fertilizer with a ratio of 1:1:1. In addition, micronutrients such as iron, magnesium, and calcium should be added to the soil.
The best way to apply fertilizers is to mix them with water and then water the plants. Fertilizer application should be done every four to six weeks consistently.
Pruning
Pruning is essential for maintaining Caralluma oxyodonta Chiov.'s compact and bushy growth habit. Pruning should be done during the dormant season to avoid any injury or damage to the plant.
The pruning process involves removing any dead, diseased, or damaged parts of the plant. Additionally, the top of the plant should also be trimmed to encourage dense growth. Trimming of hedges should be done according to the desired shape.
Propagation of Caralluma oxyodonta Chiov.
Caralluma oxyodonta Chiov. can be propagated by seeds, stem cuttings, and leaf cuttings.
Propagation by seeds
Seeds should be collected when they are mature and look brownish. Make sure to collect healthy seeds and discard any damaged ones. After collecting the seeds, they should be dried in the sun for a few hours. Once dried, the seeds can be sown directly in pots or trays. The soil should be well-drained, and the seeds should be planted at a depth of 5-10 mm. Keep the soil moist and provide indirect sunlight. Germination can take up to 4-6 weeks.
Propagation by stem cuttings
Stem cuttings are a quick and easy way to propagate Caralluma oxyodonta Chiov. Select a healthy mature stem and cut it into 10-15 cm long pieces with a sharp knife or scissors. Make sure that the cuttings have at least 2-3 nodes. Dip the cut end of the stem in rooting hormone and plant it in well-drained soil. Water the soil and keep it moist. Keep the cutting in indirect sunlight and wait for roots to develop. Roots can take up to 4-6 weeks to develop.
Propagation by leaf cuttings
Leaf cuttings can also be used for propagating Caralluma oxyodonta Chiov. Select a healthy mature leaf and carefully cut it from the stem. Cut the leaf into 5-7 cm long pieces and allow the cut ends to dry for a few hours. Once dry, place the leaf cuttings on top of moist well-drained soil. Cover the leaf cuttings with a plastic bag to maintain humidity and keep the soil moist. Place the cutting in indirect sunlight and wait for roots and shoots to develop. Roots and shoots can take up to 4-6 weeks to develop.
Disease and Pest Management for Caralluma oxyodonta Chiov.
Caralluma oxyodonta Chiov. is a plant species that belongs to the Apocynaceae family. It is known for its medicinal properties and is often used in traditional medicine. To ensure maximum yield and growth of this plant, it is essential to protect it from diseases and pests. Here is a guide on how to manage common diseases and pests that affect Caralluma oxyodonta Chiov.
Common pests
Caterpillars, mites, mealybugs, and aphids are some of the common pests that affect Caralluma oxyodonta Chiov. These pests can cause stunted growth, yellowing of leaves, and even death of the plant. To manage pests:
- Inspect the plant regularly for signs of infestation.
- Remove any affected parts of the plant.
- Use insecticidal soaps or neem oil to control pests.
- Ensure the plant is well-watered and fertilized, as healthy plants are less prone to pest attacks.
Common diseases
Caralluma oxyodonta Chiov. is susceptible to fungal diseases such as powdery mildew and root rot. These diseases can cause wilting of the plant, yellowing of leaves, and stunted growth. To manage diseases:
- Ensure the plant is grown in well-drained soil.
- Avoid overwatering the plant, as excess moisture can promote fungal growth.
- Remove any infected parts of the plant.
- Apply fungicides such as copper sulfate to control fungal growth.
- Ensure the plant is well-ventilated, as good air circulation can prevent fungal growth.
By following these disease and pest management techniques, your Caralluma oxyodonta Chiov. plant can thrive and grow healthily. Monitoring the plant regularly and taking prompt action when you notice signs of infestation can prevent widespread damage and save the plant.
