Origin
Canthium setiflorum Hiern subsp. telidosma (K.Schum.) Bridson, also known as the Bitterbush, is a plant species native to sub-Saharan Africa, particularly in tropical regions such as Angola, Central African Republic, Cameroon, Congo, Gabon and Nigeria.
Common Names
The plant is known by several common names in the different regions it grows. These include Bitterbush, Burao, Cachao, Mpiru, Ngerbouro, and Wuruyanga.
Uses
The Bitterbush plant has various uses in traditional African medicine. The leaves of the plant can be used to treat fever, malaria, and other illnesses. The bark of the plant can also be used to treat stomach ache, constipation, and other digestive problems. The plant's wood is commonly used as firewood, while the fruits are edible, and can be used to make jams and sauces.
General Appearance
Canthium setiflorum Hiern subsp. telidosma is a shrub or small tree, growing up to 10 meters in height. The plant has a dense foliage of shiny, dark green leaves that are rounded or elliptic, with a fine, serrated margin. The plant produces small, greenish-white flowers in clusters, which give way to small, round, yellow-orange fruits when mature. The plant's stem is grey-brown with a smooth texture, and the plant produces a milky sap when cut.
Light Requirements
The Canthium setiflorum Hiern subsp. telidosma prefers a partially shaded area. The plant should receive at least 4 hours of sunlight to grow well. When placed in excessive sunlight, the leaves will wilt and turn yellow. Therefore, a shaded location protects the plant from harsh sunlight and helps it thrive.
Temperature Requirements
The Canthium setiflorum Hiern subsp. telidosma is very adaptable and can grow under a wide range of temperatures. Ideally, the temperature range should be between 18-29°C. The plant can withstand a cool temperature of up to 12°C, and it can tolerate high temperatures of up to 45°C. Therefore, it can be grown throughout the year, except in areas where the temperature drops rapidly below 10°C during winters.
Soil Requirements
The Canthium setiflorum Hiern subsp. telidosma grows well in well-draining, moist soil. The optimal pH range for growth is between 5.6 and 7.8. The soil should be nutrient-rich to promote healthy growth. A mixture of peat moss, sand, and perlite can enhance soil drainage. The plant also benefits from regular pruning, which stimulates new growth and prevents disease.
Cultivation Methods
Canthium setiflorum Hiern subsp. telidosma (K.Schum.) Bridson is a tropical plant that thrives in warm and humid conditions. To cultivate this plant, you need to select a location with well-draining soil that receives partial to full sunlight. Ensure that the area is protected from strong winds and direct sunlight, which may scorch the plant's leaves.
The best time to plant Canthium setiflorum Hiern subsp. telidosma (K.Schum.) Bridson is either in early spring or late summer. When planting, dig a hole that is as deep as the root ball and twice as wide. Fill the hole with moist soil, then place the plant on top of the soil and fill up the hole with more soil. Tamp the soil gently to remove any air pockets.
Watering Needs
Canthium setiflorum Hiern subsp. telidosma (K.Schum.) Bridson requires constant moisture to thrive. Water the plant regularly, especially during the dry season. However, do not overwater the plant, which may lead to root rot. The frequency of watering will depend on the weather conditions, soil type and drainage capabilities. Check the soil moisture level regularly by sticking your finger into the soil. If the soil feels dry up to the first knuckle, it's time to water the plant.
Fertilization
The plant requires regular fertilization to maintain healthy growth. Use a slow-release fertilizer that is high in nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. During the growing season, fertilize the plant every three weeks, reducing this to once a month during the dormant period. Dilute the fertilizer as recommended by the manufacturer, and apply it around the base of the plant. Ensure that you water the plant well after fertilization to prevent fertilizer burn.
Pruning
Pruning Canthium setiflorum Hiern subsp. telidosma (K.Schum.) Bridson is essential to maintain its shape and size. The best time to prune the plant is during the dormant season. Use a pair of sharp, sterile pruning shears to remove any dead, diseased or damaged stems. Cut back any overgrown branches to maintain the desired shape.
When pruning, ensure that you do not remove more than one-third of the plant's total foliage. This helps to maintain the plant's health. Dispose of the pruned branches away from the plant, as they may harbor pests and diseases.
Propagation of Canthium setiflorum Hiern subsp. telidosma (K.Schum.) Bridson
Canthium setiflorum Hiern subsp. telidosma (K.Schum.) Bridson, also known as the East African Wild Coffee, can be propagated through various methods such as cuttings, seeds, and sucker growth.
Propagation through cuttings
The use of stem cuttings is one of the easiest and most common methods of propagation for Canthium setiflorum. Select a healthy stem from the parent plant, cutting it at an angle of approximately 45 degrees near the base. Remove the lower leaves, leaving only the top few leaves and a few leaf nodes. Plant the cutting in well-draining soil, keeping it moist and in a semi-shaded area. The cutting should develop roots within a few weeks and can be transplanted to its permanent location.
Propagation through seeds
Seeds from Canthium setiflorum can also be used for propagation. Collect the ripe seeds from the fruit of the plant. Clean the seeds by removing the flesh surrounding them and soak them in warm water overnight. Plant the seeds in well-draining soil, just below the surface. Water the seeds regularly and keep them in a semi-shaded area. The seeds should germinate within a few weeks and can be transplanted to their permanent location after they have developed a few leaves.
Propagation through sucker growth
Canthium setiflorum can also produce suckers, which are shoots arising from the base of the parent plant. They can be detached from the parent plant by carefully digging them up, trying to avoid damaging the roots. Plant the sucker in well-draining soil with ample space for growth and in a semi-shaded area. Keep the plant moist and monitor its growth until it is mature enough to be transplanted to its permanent location.
Disease and Pest Management for Canthium setiflorum Hiern subsp. telidosma (K.Schum) Bridson
Canthium setiflorum Hiern subsp. telidosma (K.Schum) Bridson is a species of evergreen shrub that belongs to the Rubiaceae family. It is native to southern and eastern Africa and is primarily grown as an ornamental plant. However, like any other plant in cultivation, it is prone to several diseases and pests. The following are some common diseases and pests that might affect the plant and ways to manage them.
Diseases
Root and Stem Rot: This disease is caused by fungi that thrive in damp and poorly drained soil. It is characterized by yellowing of leaves, wilting, and decay of the roots and stems. To manage the disease, remove affected parts of the plant and avoid overwatering.
Powdery Mildew: This disease is caused by fungi that grow on the leaves, stems, and flowers of the plant. It is characterized by a white and powdery substance on the plant's surface, leading to stunted growth and yellowing of leaves. To manage powdery mildew, remove affected parts of the plant and use fungicides.
Leaf Spot: The disease is caused by fungal and bacterial pathogens that affect the leaves of the plant. It is characterized by darkened and irregularly shaped spots on the leaves leading to defoliation. To manage leaf spot, remove affected parts of the plant and use fungicides.
Pests
Aphids: These tiny insects feed on the plant's sap, causing the leaves to yellow and wilt. They also attract ants, which further harm the plant. To manage aphids, use insecticidal soap or a strong stream of water to remove them from the plant.
Spider Mites: These pests suck the plant's sap, causing yellowing and distortion of leaves. They also produce webs around the plant. To manage spider mites, use a miticide or insecticidal soap and improve air circulation around the plant.
Thrips: These pests cause a distortion of leaves and discoloration of flowers. They also transmit viruses that affect the plant's growth. To manage thrips, use insecticidal soap and remove affected parts of the plant.
Regular inspection and care can help prevent and manage diseases and pests in Canthium setiflorum Hiern subsp. telidosma (K.Schum.) Bridson. Avoid overwatering, provide good drainage, and maintain proper air circulation around the plant.
