Overview
Canarium velutinum Guillaumin is an evergreen tree species that grows in Southeast Asia. It is also known by its common names, such as Buah Merah, Red Nut, or Jelutong Merah. This plant belongs to the Burseraceae family and is known for its economic and medicinal benefits.Appearance
Canarium velutinum Guillaumin has an average height of 30 meters, with a straight stem that can reach up to 60 centimeters in diameter. The tree's bark is smooth and brownish-grey in color, with a slightly mottled appearance. Its leaves are pinnate and up to 30 centimeters in length, composed of up to 15 leaflets. The plant's branches grow in an alternating pattern, and its flowers are small and yellow-green in color, typically arising in clusters. The fruit of Canarium velutinum Guillaumin is a drupe, up to 4 centimeters in diameter, and contains a single seed.Uses
Canarium velutinum Guillaumin has various uses, including as a source of timber, used for furniture and construction. The tree's wood is durable, strong, and resistant to termites, making it a valuable resource. The plant's fruit is edible, and its flesh can be eaten raw or cooked. It is commonly used in traditional medicine to treat ailments such as diarrhea and fever. The oil extracted from Canarium velutinum Guillaumin is also used in cosmetics and soaps due to its emollient properties. In some Southeast Asian countries, the resin of the tree is used as incense, and its wood is used for carving sculptures and other decorative items. Furthermore, the plant's leaves and bark are used to create a natural dye.Conclusion
Overall, Canarium velutinum Guillaumin is a versatile tree species with various uses, from its timber and fruits to its medicinal and cosmetic benefits. Its natural habitat is in Southeast Asia, where it is a valuable resource for local communities.Growth Conditions for Canarium velutinum Guillaumin
Canarium velutinum Guillaumin, commonly known as the Borneo elemi tree, is a slow-growing evergreen tree that is native to Southeast Asia.
Light Requirements
The Borneo elemi tree prefers bright light but can tolerate partial shade. It requires at least six hours of direct sunlight per day. If grown indoors, it should be placed near a window that receives bright light.
Temperature Requirements
Canarium velutinum Guillaumin grows best in warm, humid climates with temperatures ranging from 20 to 30°C (68 to 86°F). It is intolerant of cold temperatures and cannot survive in areas with frost.
Soil Requirements
The Borneo elemi tree prefers well-draining soils that are rich in organic matter. It can grow in a variety of soil types, including sandy, loamy, and clay soils, as long as they are well-draining. The soil pH should be slightly acidic to neutral, with a range of 5.5 to 7.5.
When planting in a pot, use a high-quality potting mix that is specifically formulated for tropical plants. It should have good drainage and be able to hold moisture without becoming waterlogged.
Overall, the Borneo elemi tree is relatively low-maintenance and easy to grow as long as it is provided with the right conditions. With proper care, it can thrive and provide beauty to any garden or indoor space.
Cultivation Methods for Canarium velutinum Guillaumin
Canarium velutinum Guillaumin, commonly known as the Velvet Canarium, is a tropical tree that thrives in warm regions with high humidity. It prefers a slightly acidic soil which is well-draining and fertile. The tree grows best in full sunlight, but it can also tolerate partial shade.
The propagation of Canarium velutinum Guillaumin can be done through seed germination, stem cutting, and air layering. Propagation through seed germination is the most common and easiest method. Seeds should be sowed in a pot or nursery bag with soil and kept in a shaded area until the seeds germinate.
Watering Needs for Canarium velutinum Guillaumin
The Velvet Canarium requires frequent watering, especially during dry periods. The frequency of watering should depend on the surrounding temperature and humidity. During the dry seasons, the soil should be kept moist to prevent the tree from drying out. However, it is important to avoid overwatering the tree which can lead to root rot.
The best time to water Canarium velutinum Guillaumin is early in the morning or late in the afternoon. This allows the water to be absorbed effectively and prevents the leaves from being burned by the sun.
Fertilization for Canarium velutinum Guillaumin
The Velvet Canarium requires regular fertilization to promote healthy growth and maximum yield. A balanced fertilizer with a ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium of 2:1:1 or 3:1:2 is best for the tree. The fertilizer should be applied every three to four months, starting from when the tree starts to fruit.
Fertilizer should be applied evenly around the base of the tree and watered immediately. It is important not to apply too much fertilizer, as this can damage the tree's roots and lead to stunted growth.
Pruning of Canarium velutinum Guillaumin
The Velvet Canarium requires minimal pruning, and it should be done during the dormant season. The aim of pruning is to remove dead or diseased branches and to thin out the canopy to allow sunlight to penetrate the tree.
Pruning should be done with sharp, clean tools to avoid damaging the tree. It is important not to prune too much or remove too many branches, as this can reduce the tree's yield.
Propagation of Canarium velutinum Guillaumin
Canarium velutinum Guillaumin, also known as black dammar, is a tropical plant species that is commonly found in Southeast Asia. It is a valuable natural resource that produces resin, essential oil, and timber. Propagation of Canarium velutinum Guillaumin can be carried out through various methods, namely:
Seed propagation
Canarium velutinum Guillaumin can be propagated from seeds. The seeds should be collected from mature fruits, which are usually dispersed by the wind. The seeds should be cleaned and stored in a cool and dry place before planting. The germination rate of Canarium velutinum Guillaumin seeds is around 50-60% and the seeds should be sown within one month of collection. The seeds can be sown directly in the nursery or in seedbeds. It takes around 5-6 years for the plants to mature and bear fruit.
Vegetative propagation
Canarium velutinum Guillaumin can also be propagated vegetatively through cutting and grafting methods.
Cutting propagation
Cutting propagation involves cutting a stem from a mature plant and planting it in a suitable potting medium. The stem should be around 15-20 cm long, with 2-3 nodes. The leaves should be removed from the lower part of the stem, and rooting hormone can be applied to the bottom part of the stem before planting. The cutting should be covered with a plastic bag and placed in a shaded area. It takes around 6-8 weeks for the roots to develop, and the plants can be transplanted to the field after around one year.
Grafting propagation
Grafting propagation involves joining a scion from a mature plant of Canarium velutinum Guillaumin to a rootstock of a related species. This method is usually used to propagate superior varieties with desired characteristics. The scion should be collected from a mature plant, and the rootstock should be prepared by removing the leaves and making a sloping cut. The scion should be cut in a wedge shape and joined with the rootstock using a grafting clip or tape. The grafted plant should be kept in a shaded area for a few weeks until it starts growing, and it can be transplanted to the field after around one year.
Disease and Pest Management for Canarium velutinum Guillaumin
Canarium velutinum Guillaumin, also known as grey Canarium, is a tree species native to Vietnam and Indonesia. It is commonly grown in many parts of Southeast Asia due to its economic value for its resin and wood. Like all plants, Canarium velutinum Guillaumin is susceptible to a range of diseases and pest attacks. However, proper management measures can help protect the plant and ensure its healthy growth.
Common Diseases that Affect Canarium velutinum Guillaumin
Fungal infections are the most common diseases that affect Canarium velutinum Guillaumin. The following are the common fungal diseases and their management measures:
- Leaf Spot Disease: This disease causes brown or black spots on the leaves. To manage the disease, remove the infected plant parts and dispose of them properly. Use a fungicide to control further spread.
- Anthracnose: This disease causes the leaves to curl and turn brown. The management measure includes the removal of infected parts, proper sanitation, and the use of fungicides.
- Root Rot: Roots of plants affected by root rot become mushy and brown. To manage the disease, uproot the affected plant and dispose of it. Avoid overwatering and use well-drained soils to prevent further occurrence.
Common Pests that Affect Canarium velutinum Guillaumin
Canarium velutinum Guillaumin is susceptible to several pests. The most common ones include:
- Termites: Termites attack the young stems or trunks of the plant. To manage the pests, remove the affected parts and apply an insecticide to control further spread.
- Scale Insects: Scale insects suck sap from the stems and leaves of the plant. Use a soft brush to remove them, or apply an insecticide to control them.
- Caterpillars: Caterpillars eat the leaves of the plant, causing defoliation. To manage the pests, use pesticides or biological control measures like releasing natural predators of the caterpillars.
Overall, regular monitoring of the plant, prompt removal of infected or infested parts, and the use of chemical or biological control measures can help effectively manage diseases and pests that affect Canarium velutinum Guillaumin.
