Overview of Canarium thollonicum Guillaumin
Canarium thollonicum Guillaumin is a flowering plant that is indigenous to the Pacific Islands and Southeast Asia. It is commonly known as Ngali Nut, Burmese Canarium, Borneo Almug, and Nachalo nuts. This plant belongs to the Burseraceae family, which is also known for producing other economically important plants such as frankincense and myrrh.
Appearance of Canarium thollonicum Guillaumin
The Ngali Nut tree can grow up to 30 meters in height and has a broad canopy. The leaves are pinnate, with 11 to 17 leaflets, and can reach up to 40 cm in length. The flowers are small, greenish-yellow, and grow in clusters. The nuts of the Ngali Nut are oval-shaped and can grow up to four centimeters in length. The shell of the nut is very hard and woody, and the kernel inside is edible.
Uses of Canarium thollonicum Guillaumin
The Ngali Nut has a variety of uses. Its kernel can be eaten raw or roasted, and it is often used as a substitute for almonds. The nut also produces oil, which is high in oleic acid and is used in the cosmetic and food industries. The oil of the Ngali Nut is also used in traditional medicine to treat various ailments such as arthritis, wounds, and skin inflammations. In addition to its medicinal and culinary uses, the wood of the Ngali Nut tree is used for construction and carving.
In conclusion, Canarium thollonicum Guillaumin is a versatile plant with a broad range of applications. Its edible kernel, oil, and medicinal properties are just some of the many benefits that this plant provides. As such, it has become an essential plant among Southeast Asian and Pacific Island communities.
Light Requirements
Canarium thollonicum Guillaumin requires a considerable amount of direct natural light for optimal growth and development. It thrives in full sun conditions but can also tolerate partial shade when kept indoors. Therefore, it is best suited to grow in areas where it receives at least six hours of direct sunlight per day.
Temperature Requirements
Canarium thollonicum Guillaumin grows well in warm temperatures ranging from 20°C to 30°C. It cannot withstand extreme cold, frost, or freezing temperatures, which may damage its growth or lead to wilted leaves. It is therefore essential to provide the plant with warm and humid environments for its proper growth and development.
Soil Requirements
The plant thrives in well-draining soil that is slightly acidic or neutral, with a pH range of 5.5 - 7.0. It needs fertile soil rich in humus, which should be moist and yet well-drained. The ideal soil for Canarium thollonicum Guillaumin is a blend of silt, clay, and sand in equal proportions, which is adequately aerated for the plant root system to receive sufficient oxygen. Additionally, regular application of organic fertilizer for the plant provides it with essential nutrients for its growth and development.
Cultivation of Canarium Thollonicum Guillaumin
Canarium Thollonicum Guillaumin is a tree species that grows well in tropical climates. It is native to the Solomon Islands and can be grown in other areas that have similar climates.
The tree prefers well-drained soils that are rich in organic matter. It can tolerate a range of soils but grows best in those that are slightly acidic.
Watering Needs of Canarium Thollonicum Guillaumin
To maintain the health of Canarium Thollonicum Guillaumin, it is important to water it regularly. The tree needs moderate watering during the growing season and less water during the dormant period.
When watering the tree, it is important to avoid soaking the roots. Overwatering can lead to root rot and other diseases.
Fertilization of Canarium Thollonicum Guillaumin
For optimal growth, Canarium Thollonicum Guillaumin requires regular fertilization. The tree is a heavy feeder, especially during the growing season.
It is recommended to use a balanced fertilizer that contains equal amounts of nitrogen, phosphorous, and potassium. Fertilizer should be applied every six months, but it is important to refrain from over-fertilization, which can damage the tree.
Pruning Canarium Thollonicum Guillaumin
Canarium Thollonicum Guillaumin requires minimal pruning, but regular maintenance is essential to remove dead or damaged branches.
The best time to prune the tree is during its dormant period. Pruning during the growing season can lead to tree stress and make it more susceptible to disease or pests.
When pruning, it is important to use clean and sharp pruning tools to avoid damaging the branches or tree.
Propagation of Canarium thollonicum Guillaumin
Canarium thollonicum is a semi-evergreen tree that can grow up to 20m in height. It is commonly found in the humid lowland forests of Papua New Guinea and Indonesia. The tree produces edible kernels that are used for cooking oil and medicinal purposes.
Seed Propagation
The primary method of propagating Canarium thollonicum is through seed propagation. The seeds should be collected from ripe fruits and washed clean to remove any pulp or debris. The seeds should be planted in well-draining soil, covered with a thin layer of soil, and watered regularly.
Germination can take several weeks to several months. It is essential to protect the seedlings from direct sunlight and strong winds. Once the seedlings have grown to a suitable size, they can be transplanted into larger containers or directly into the ground in a permanent location.
Cuttings Propagation
While seed propagation is the primary method for growing Canarium thollonicum, it is also possible to propagate the tree through stem cuttings. This method is not commonly used due to low success rates.
The cuttings should be taken from mature branches between May and August. The cuttings should be 10-15 cm in length and should include a small portion of the branch bark. The cuttings should be dipped in rooting hormones and planted in well-draining soil. The soil should be kept moist, and the cuttings should be protected from direct sunlight and strong winds.
It can take several months for the cuttings to root and start to produce new growth. Once the cuttings have grown to a suitable size, they can be transplanted into larger containers or directly into the ground in a permanent location.
Both seed and cuttings propagation methods require patience and care. With proper attention, Canarium thollonicum can grow into a beautiful and productive tree.
Disease and Pest Management for Canarium thollonicum Guillaumin
Canarium thollonicum Guillaumin, commonly known as Ngali, is a tropical tree that is native to the Pacific Islands. Like any other plant, it is susceptible to diseases and pests that can hinder its growth and development. Here are some of the common diseases and pests that might affect the plant and ways to manage them:
Diseases
Leaf Spot: Leaf spot is a common fungal disease that affects the leaves of Canarium thollonicum. It is characterized by circular or irregular-shaped spots on the leaves with a yellow halo around them. To manage leaf spot, remove and destroy infected leaves. Also, avoid watering the plant from above to minimize the spread of the disease. Fungicides can also be used to control severe cases of leaf spot.
Powdery Mildew: Powdery mildew is another fungal disease that affects the leaves of Canarium thollonicum. It appears as a white, powdery substance on the leaves, shoots, and sometimes the fruits. To manage powdery mildew, remove and destroy infected plant parts. Preventative measures include ensuring proper air circulation around the plant and avoiding overhead watering. Fungicides can also be used to control severe cases of powdery mildew.
Pests
Mites: Mites are a common pest that can affect Canarium thollonicum. They feed on the sap of the plant, which can cause stunted growth, distorted foliage, and premature leaf drop. To manage mites, remove and destroy heavily infested plant parts. Horticultural oil sprays can also be used to control severe infestations.
Caterpillars: Caterpillars are another pest that can affect Canarium thollonicum. They feed on the leaves of the plant and can cause extensive damage if left unchecked. To manage caterpillars, handpick and destroy them when spotted. Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) is an effective biological control agent that can be used to control caterpillar infestations.
Overall, regular monitoring of Canarium thollonicum for signs of disease and pest infestation is crucial to its overall health and productivity. Early detection and implementation of appropriate management practices can help prevent the spread of diseases and pests and ensure optimal growth and development of the plant.
