Overview: Campylospermum subcordatum (Stapf) Farron
Campylospermum subcordatum (Stapf) Farron, popularly known as Malabar cabbage tree, is a shrub that belongs to the family Celastraceae. This plant is native to the tropical forests of Africa, particularly in the countries of Cameroon, Gabon, and Nigeria.
General Appearance
The Malabar cabbage tree has dark green leaves that are oval in shape and have smooth edges. The leaves grow up to 10 cm long and have prominent veins that are visible on both sides. The stems of the plant are hairy and can grow up to 3 meters tall. The flowers of the shrub are small, white, and grow in clusters at the end of long stalks. The fruit of the plant is a capsule that splits to reveal red seeds.
Common Names
The Malabar cabbage tree goes by many names depending on the region. In Cameroon, it is known as "Ndo," while in Nigeria, it is called "Magani." The plant is also referred to as the "African spindle tree" and "Wild white currant."
Uses
The Malabar cabbage tree has several uses. In Cameroonian cuisine, the leaves of the plant are used to wrap and cook food, giving it a unique flavor. The roots and barks of the plant are also used in traditional medicine to treat ailments such as fever, headache, and stomach ache. Additionally, the plant is used for ornamental purposes due to its attractive appearance.
In conclusion, Campylospermum subcordatum is a unique shrub that has various uses. Although it is not widely known, it adds value to the ecosystem and has cultural significance in some African communities.
Light Requirements
Campylospermum subcordatum thrives in full sunlight. It requires at least six hours of direct sunlight exposure daily to achieve optimal growth and development. This plant cannot tolerate shady conditions, as it may lead to stunted growth and poor flowering. Therefore, it is recommended that the plant be planted in areas where it can receive direct sunlight.
Temperature Requirements
The plant grows well in warm climates with average temperatures ranging from 20 to 30 degrees Celsius. It can also withstand temperatures slightly above or below this range. However, extreme weather conditions such as frost can harm the plant, especially in the early stages of growth. While hardy in nature, Campylospermum subcordatum cannot withstand long periods of drought, thus making it crucial for the soil to maintain adequate moisture levels.
Soil Requirements
The plant requires well-draining soils that are rich in organic matter. Poorly drained soils, especially heavy clay soils, can cause root rot and other fungal infections. It adapts well to both acidic and slightly alkaline soils and can thrive in different soil types, including sandy and loamy soils. It is advisable to use a balanced slow-release fertilizer to enhance the quality of the soil and to encourage healthy growth.
Cultivation Methods
Campylospermum subcordatum (Stapf) Farron is a tropical plant that requires warm and humid conditions for optimal growth. It is commonly grown in containers indoors or in greenhouses. When grown outdoors, it thrives in areas with well-draining and nutrient-rich soils.
Propagation of Campylospermum subcordatum (Stapf) Farron is typically done through stem cuttings. These cuttings should be taken from healthy plants and planted in a well-draining potting mix. The seed of this plant can also be sown directly in the soil.
Watering Needs
It is essential to water Campylospermum subcordatum (Stapf) Farron regularly. This plant requires moist but not waterlogged soil. In hot weather conditions, it may require more frequent watering. Ensure that water does not sit in the saucer, as it can cause root rot.
Fertilization
Campylospermum subcordatum (Stapf) Farron requires regular fertilization to sustain healthy growth. A balanced fertilizer with a higher amount of nitrogen can be used during the growing season and should be applied every two weeks. In the winter months, fertilizer application should be reduced to once a month.
Pruning
Campylospermum subcordatum (Stapf) Farron generally requires minimal pruning. Dead or damaged leaves and branches should be removed to enhance the plant's appearance and health. Pruning should be done during the growing season to encourage new growth. It is recommended to use clean pruning tools to avoid the spread of disease to other parts of the plant.
Propagation of Campylospermum subcordatum
Propagating Campylospermum subcordatum can be done through several methods such as through seeds, cuttings or suckers.
Seed propagation
Campylospermum subcordatum produces seeds that can be collected and sown directly in well-prepared seedbeds. The seeds should be cleaned and soaked in water for about 24 hours before sowing. It's important to ensure that the soil is moist and well-drained. Germination usually occurs after 3-4 weeks, and the seedlings can be transplanted once they are about 10 cm tall.
Cutting propagation
Campylospermum subcordatum can also be propagated through stem cuttings. Select healthy stem cuttings and remove the leaves on the lower part of the stem. Dip the stem in rooting hormone and plant in well-drained soil. Keep the soil moist and place the cutting in a shaded area. It takes about 3-4 weeks for the cutting to root, and it can be transplanted once it has established roots.
Sucker propagation
Campylospermum subcordatum produces suckers that can be dug up and transplanted. The suckers should be dug up in the early spring or fall while they are still small. It's important to ensure that the sucker has enough roots before transplanting it to a prepared bed. The transplanted sucker should be watered regularly and kept in a shaded area until it establishes itself.
Disease and Pest Management for Campylospermum subcordatum (Stapf) Farron
Campylospermum subcordatum is a lowland tropical plant species that is generally resistant to most diseases and pests. However, under certain conditions, the plant can still be affected by some pests and diseases. Here are some common diseases and pests that might affect Campylospermum subcordatum and how to manage them:
Diseases
Campylospermum subcordatum is prone to root rot, which is caused by fungal infections. If you notice your plant's leaves yellowing or wilting, it might be a sign that it has root rot. To manage this disease, remove the affected plant parts, including dead or dying leaves, and destroy them to prevent the spread of the fungus. Additionally, improve the drainage of the soil, water the plant moderately, and apply a fungicide to prevent further spread of the disease.
Another common disease that might affect Campylospermum subcordatum is leaf spot. This disease is caused by a fungal infection that results in the development of spots on the leaves. To manage this disease, remove and destroy affected plant parts, and avoid overhead watering, as the fungus spreads through water droplets. Apply a fungicide to the plant to prevent the further spread of the disease.
Pests
Campylospermum subcordatum is not susceptible to many pests. However, spider mites might affect the plant, resulting in stunted growth, yellowing leaves, and webbing on the plant. To manage spider mites, wash the leaves gently with water to remove the webbing and use insecticidal soap. Additionally, ensure that your plant has adequate nutrition and avoid over-watering, as this can make the plant more susceptible to pest infestations.
Another pest that might affect Campylospermum subcordatum is the mealybug, which usually appears as white, cottony masses on the plant. To manage mealybugs, use a cotton swab or a small brush dipped in alcohol to remove them. You can also use insecticidal soap or apply a natural predator, such as ladybugs, to control the infestation.
Overall, Campylospermum subcordatum is a hardy plant species that is resistant to most diseases and pests. However, it is always good to keep an eye on your plants and take action as soon as you notice any signs of disease or pest infestation to prevent further damage.
