Overview
Calystegia subacaulis Hook. & Arn. is a flowering plant species that belongs to the family Convolvulaceae. Commonly known as highland bindweed, its natural habitat includes coastal ranges and mountain areas of North and South America.
Appearance
The highland bindweed is a perennial plant with a trailing or twirling stem that can reach up to 1.5 meters long. The leaves are triangular to arrow-shaped, and the flowers are funnel-shaped and white or pink. They bloom from May to August and have a diameter of around 4 cm. The plant also produces a capsule-like fruit containing four brown seeds.
Common Names
Besides highland bindweed, Calystegia subacaulis is also known by other common names such as small-flowered morning glory, lesser bindweed, and mountain bindweed.
Uses
Calystegia subacaulis is not a commonly used medicinal plant, but some cultures have used it to treat ailments such as respiratory issues, stomach troubles, and diarrhea. The plant's roots and leaves have astringent and laxative properties, which could explain their traditional uses. Nevertheless, more research is necessary to establish its efficacy and safety.
Highland bindweed is also known for its ornamental value and can be grown as a ground cover or in hanging baskets.
Light requirements
Calystegia subacaulis Hook. & Arn. typically grows in full sun or partial shade. It requires at least 4-6 hours of direct sunlight per day to thrive.
Temperature requirements
This plant is found in temperate regions and can tolerate a wide range of temperatures. It prefers moderate temperatures between 55°F to 75°F (13°C to 24°C) and can tolerate slightly warmer or cooler conditions.
Soil requirements
Calystegia subacaulis Hook. & Arn. grows well in a wide range of well-drained soil types including sandy, loamy, and rocky soils. However, it does not tolerate wet soils, particularly during the winter months. The preferred soil pH for this plant is 6.0 to 7.5.
Cultivation methods
Calystegia subacaulis Hook. & Arn. is a perennial plant that requires good drainage. It grows best in full sun in regions with moderate to high rainfall. The ideal soil pH for this plant is 6.0 to 7.5. It requires a warm climate and is hardy to USDA Zone 8.
Watering needs
When establishing the plant, frequent watering is necessary to ensure that the roots grow deep into the soil. However, once established, this plant is drought-tolerant and requires less watering. It is essential to avoid overwatering the plant as it can lead to root rot.
Fertilization
Calystegia subacaulis Hook. & Arn. does not require heavy fertilization. It is recommended to use a slow-release fertilizer, such as compost, during the growing season. Avoid using high-nitrogen fertilizers as they can promote excessive foliage growth at the expense of flower production.
Pruning
As a perennial plant, Calystegia subacaulis Hook. & Arn. requires minimal pruning. Deadheading spent flowers promotes blooming and enhances the plant's appearance. Pruning should be done in early spring before the plant starts to grow. Remove any dead foliage and trim back any leggy or straggly branches.
Propagation of Calystegia subacaulis Hook. & Arn.
Calystegia subacaulis Hook. & Arn. or commonly known as the low-lying bindweed is a perennial plant that belongs to the family Convolvulaceae. This plant is native to California and is known for its creeping branches that form dense mats along the ground. Propagation of Calystegia subacaulis Hook. & Arn. can be done through various methods.
Propagation by Seeds
The first method of propagation is through seeds. The seeds of Calystegia subacaulis Hook. & Arn. can be collected in late summer or early fall. Once collected, the seeds can be cleaned and stored in a cool, dry place. Before planting, it is recommended to stratify the seeds for a few weeks in a moist medium, preferably in the refrigerator. Afterward, the stratified seeds can be sown in a pot with well-draining soil. The soil must be kept moist, and in a few weeks, the seeds will germinate.
Propagation by Cuttings
Another method of propagation is through cuttings. Cuttings of Calystegia subacaulis Hook. & Arn. must be taken from new growth, preferably in the spring or early summer. The cuttings should be approximately six inches long and should have at least two nodes. The cuttings should then be dipped in rooting hormone and planted in a well-draining potting mix. The soil should be kept moist, and the plant will root in a few weeks.
Propagation by Division
The last method of propagation is through division. Division can be done in the spring or early fall. The plant should be gently dug up, and the roots should be separated into smaller portions. Each portion should have at least one healthy stem and root system. The divided portions can then be planted in a well-draining potting mix, and the soil should be kept moist. In a few weeks, the plants will establish roots and start to grow.
Regardless of the propagation method, Calystegia subacaulis Hook. & Arn. prefers well-draining soil and a location with partial shade. The plant can be a great addition to any garden or landscape, and with the right care, it can thrive for many years.
Disease and Pest Management for Calystegia subacaulis Hook. & Arn.
Calystegia subacaulis is a perennial vine that grows in sandy and gravelly soils in coastal sage scrub and chaparral habitats in California and Baja California. Like all plants, Calystegia subacaulis is susceptible to certain diseases and pests that can damage or kill the plant.
Common diseases that affect Calystegia subacaulis
Calystegia subacaulis can be affected by several diseases, including:
- Leaf spots: characterized by the development of circular, brown spots on leaves. This disease is caused by fungi and can be treated by removing infected foliage and improving air circulation around the plant.
- Anthracnose: characterized by the development of yellow, tan, or brown lesions on leaves and stems. This disease is caused by fungi and can be managed by removing infected foliage and applying fungicides.
- Root rot: characterized by the wilting and yellowing of leaves and the eventual death of the plant. This disease is caused by fungi and can be treated by improving soil drainage and avoiding overwatering.
Common pests that affect Calystegia subacaulis
Calystegia subacaulis can also be attacked by a variety of pests, including:
- Aphids: characterized by the development of small, soft-bodied insects on leaves and stems. These pests can be controlled by removing infested foliage and applying insecticidal soap.
- Spider mites: characterized by the presence of tiny, red or yellow insects and fine webs on leaves. These pests can be managed by removing infested foliage and applying insecticidal soap or horticultural oil.
- Caterpillars: characterized by the presence of chewed leaves and frass. These pests can be controlled by removing affected foliage and applying Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) or spinosad.
In conclusion, Calystegia subacaulis can be affected by a variety of diseases and pests, but by following proper disease and pest management techniques, gardeners and growers can help ensure the health and vitality of this beautiful plant.
