Overview
Calystegia occidentalis (Gray) Brummitt ssp. occidentalis, commonly known as western bindweed, is a perennial plant species belonging to the family Convolvulaceae. It is native to North America, specifically found in the western part of the continent.
General Appearance
The plant's stem is twining, spreading up to 2 to 3 meters long and 1 to 3 meters wide. The leaves are arrow-shaped, usually measuring 5 to 15 cm long and 2 to 12 cm wide. The flowers are white to pink in color, funnel-shaped with 5 fused petals, and approximately 2 to 5 cm wide. The plant produces several flowers in an inflorescence, which can last for several weeks.
Common Names
Calystegia occidentalis (Gray) Brummitt ssp. occidentalis has several common names, including western bindweed, chaparral bindweed, morning glory, and arrowleaf morning glory.
Uses
While Calystegia occidentalis (Gray) Brummitt ssp. occidentalis is mainly considered a weed, it has some traditional medicinal uses. Native Americans used the plant to treat digestive disorders, skin diseases, and used it as a pain killer. Also, some people use it to make tinctures and ointments. However, It is essential to note that medical experts have not evaluated the plant's safety or effectiveness.
Light Requirements
Calystegia occidentalis (Gray) Brummitt ssp. occidentalis grows best in full sunlight. This plant requires at least six hours of direct sunlight every day. It does not tolerate shade or partial shade well and may struggle to grow under these conditions. If grown indoors, it is important to place it in an area where plenty of sunlight is available.
Temperature Requirements
Calystegia occidentalis (Gray) Brummitt ssp. occidentalis grows best in warm temperatures. It is a warm-season plant that does not tolerate frost or freezing temperatures. The optimal temperature range for growth is between 60 and 75 degrees Fahrenheit. Exposure to temperatures above or below this range can negatively impact growth and development.
Soil Requirements
Calystegia occidentalis (Gray) Brummitt ssp. occidentalis prefers well-draining soil with a neutral to slightly acidic pH. Sandy loam and clay loam soils are ideal for this plant. The soil should be fertile, with adequate amounts of organic matter. The plant does not tolerate waterlogged or poorly drained soils and may develop root rot or other diseases if grown in such conditions.
Cultivation
Calystegia occidentalis is a hardy plant that can thrive in a range of growing conditions. It prefers full sun but can tolerate some shade. The soil should be well-draining, as the plant does not do well in waterlogged soils, but it should also retain some moisture.
You can start the plant from seeds or cuttings; seeds are best sown in the spring, while cuttings can be taken in the summer. The plant will grow well in a container or in the ground, where it can spread and form a ground cover.
Watering needs
Calystegia occidentalis needs regular watering during the growing season, particularly during hot and dry weather. The soil should be moist, but not waterlogged, and it should be allowed to dry slightly between waterings. Overwatering can lead to root rot and other problems.
Fertilization
Calystegia occidentalis does not need heavy fertilization to thrive, but you can use a slow-release fertilizer in the spring to support growth. Additionally, you can use a liquid fertilizer every few weeks during the growing season to encourage flowering and keep the plant looking healthy.
Pruning
Calystegia occidentalis can benefit from pruning to control its spread and keep it looking neat. You can cut back the plant after flowering to prevent it from becoming too leggy or to shape it to your liking. Be sure to use clean, sharp pruning shears to avoid damaging the plant.
Propagation of Calystegia occidentalis (Gray) Brummitt ssp. occidentalis
Calystegia occidentalis (Gray) Brummitt ssp. occidentalis, commonly known as western morning glory, can be propagated through several methods including seeds, stem cuttings, and root division.
Propagation through Seeds
The most widely used propagation method for Calystegia occidentalis is through seed germination. Seeds can be collected from the plant during the autumn season and stored in a cool and dry place for planting during the next growing season. Before planting, the seeds can be soaked in warm water for 24 hours to improve germination rates. The seeds can then be planted in a well-draining soil mix and kept in a warm, sunny location. Seedlings should emerge within 2-3 weeks.
Propagation through Stem Cuttings
Calystegia occidentalis can also be propagated through stem cuttings. Cuttings can be taken from the healthy stems during the growing season and can be rooted in a well-draining soil mix. Before planting, ensure that the cutting has at least two nodes and remove any lower leaves that may be submerged in the soil. The cutting should be planted in a warm, sunny location and kept consistently moist until roots have formed, which should occur within 3-4 weeks.
Propagation through Root Division
Root division can also be used to propagate Calystegia occidentalis. Established plants can be dug up and the root system separated into smaller sections. Each section should have at least one healthy shoot and root system attached. The sections can then be planted in a well-draining soil mix, watered well, and kept in a warm, sunny location. New growth should emerge within 2-3 weeks.
Disease and Pest Management for Calystegia occidentalis (Gray) Brummitt ssp. occidentalis
Calystegia occidentalis, also known as Western morning glory, is a beautiful perennial plant that is native to the western United States. While this plant is relatively disease and pest-resistant, there are still some issues that you might encounter. Here are some common diseases and pests that may affect the plant and ways to manage them:
Diseases
Western morning glory can occasionally be susceptible to fungal diseases, such as powdery mildew and rust. These diseases can be prevented by ensuring that the plant is not overcrowded, receives adequate sunlight and is properly irrigated. If you notice any signs of powdery mildew or rust, remove any affected plant materials and apply a fungicide as recommended by a nursery or the extension office. As these fungal diseases can spread quickly, always keep the plant area clean and remove any infected material immediately.
Another disease that western morning glory can suffer from is root rot. This disease is caused by the Phytophthora fungus, which is attracted to overly wet soil. To prevent root rot, make sure that the plant is not in a site with poor drainage. Additionally, avoid overwatering and ensure that the soil is well-drained before planting.
Pests
Western morning glory is relatively pest-resistant. However, in some cases, mites or aphids can attack the plant. If you notice any signs of mites or aphids, you can control them with insecticidal soap or neem oil. Be sure to treat all affected areas of the plant, including undersides of leaves and stems. Always follow the instructions on the product label and avoid spraying during the hottest part of the day.
Gophers and rabbits may sometimes dine on the roots and foliage of western morning glory. To prevent damage from these pests, consider planting the plant in a raised bed or using fencing to protect the trunk. Additionally, using a repellent spray or adding predator urine may make the gophers and rabbits less interested in your plant.
By practicing proper maintenance and care, western morning glory can grow and thrive with minimal disease and pest pressure. Keep an eye on the plant regularly to catch any problems before they spread, and consider using organic methods of control where possible.
