Overview
Calystegia macounii (Greene) Brummitt, commonly known as Macoun's bindweed, is a species of flowering plant in the family Convolvulaceae. It is a perennial herbaceous vine that is native to North America.
Appearance
The plant has a twining stem that can grow up to 1.5 meters in length, climbing or sprawling along the ground. The leaves are arrow-shaped and have a smooth texture, measuring 3-10 cm long and 2-6 cm wide. The flowers of Calystegia macounii are funnel-shaped, white, and 3-6 cm in diameter, with five lobes. They bloom from May to September.
Common Names
Calystegia macounii is also commonly known as Macoun's bindweed, Macoun's morning glory, or small-flowered morning glory.
Uses
In traditional Native American medicine, Calystegia macounii was used to treat a variety of ailments, including rheumatism, swelling, diarrhea, and cancer. The plant contains several alkaloids, including convolvulin, which has a mild sedative effect. However, caution should be exercised as the entire plant is toxic if ingested in large amounts.
In addition to its medicinal value, Calystegia macounii is also used as an ornamental plant in gardens and landscapes.
Growth Conditions for Calystegia macounii (Greene) Brummitt
Light Requirements: Calystegia macounii thrives in full sun to partial shade conditions. It requires a minimum of 6 hours of direct sunlight every day for optimal growth.
Temperature Requirements: This plant species is primarily found in locations with temperate climates. It prefers temperatures ranging from 15-20°C (59-68°F) during the growing season. However, it can tolerate a range of temperatures, including occasional frosts, as it is a hardy perennial.
Soil Requirements: Calystegia macounii requires well-drained soils that are slightly acidic to neutral in pH. It grows best in loamy soils rich in organic matter. The plant can tolerate drought conditions; however, it grows best in soils that are moist but not waterlogged.
Fertilizer Requirements: Calystegia macounii does not require heavy fertilization, and excess fertilizer can lead to overgrowth. However, it can benefit from a slow-release fertilizer during the growing season to promote healthy growth and blooms.
Propagation: This plant can be propagated through seed or cuttings. Seeds can be sown in late winter or early spring, while cuttings can be taken in late summer or early autumn.
Cultivation
Calystegia macounii prefers to be grown in well-draining fertile soil, with a pH range of 6.0 to 7.5. It grows well in both full sun and partial shade, but partial shade is preferred in hotter regions.
It is recommended to plant the Calystegia macounii in the early spring or fall, allowing the plant to establish before the hot summer months. It can be easily propagated by stem cuttings or seeds.
Watering needs
Calystegia macounii requires moderate watering during the growing season. It is necessary to keep the soil moderately moist, but avoid overwatering, as it can cause root rot. Check the soil moisture, and when the soil dries out to a depth of 1 to 2 inches, it is time to water.
In cooler months, you can reduce watering. But make sure that the soil doesn't become completely dry. It is also best to water the base of the plant and avoid getting water on the foliage, as it can lead to fungal diseases.
Fertilization
Calystegia macounii requires regular fertilization to grow and thrive. An all-purpose fertilizer can be applied once a month during the growing season. Be careful not to over-fertilize, as it can cause more harm than good.
It is also recommended to add organic compost or manure to the soil once a year to increase soil fertility.
Pruning
Calystegia macounii requires minimal pruning, but it is necessary to control its growth and prevent it from spreading too much. Prune away any diseased or damaged foliage to keep the plant healthy.
It is also recommended to cut back the plant in the fall to 6 inches above the ground to prevent winter damage.
Propagation of Calystegia macounii (Greene) Brummit
Calystegia macounii, commonly known as Macoun's bindweed, is a perennial plant that can be propagated through different methods, including seed collection and division of rhizomes.
Seed Collection
The plant produces small seeds, which can be collected from the dry fruit capsules when they turn brown and fully mature. To collect the seeds, place a paper bag over the seed capsules and gently shake them to release the seeds. Store the seeds in a dry, cool, and dark place until they are ready to be used.
Seed Preparation
Before sowing, stratification is recommended to improve the germination rate. Cold stratification can be achieved by placing the seeds in a container with moist sand or peat moss and storing them in the refrigerator for 60 to 90 days. After stratification, the seeds can be sown directly in a well-drained soil mixture, kept moist and covered with plastic wrap in a warm place or greenhouse until germination occurs.
Division of Rhizomes
The plant can also be propagated through division of rhizomes during the fall or spring season. This method involves the separation of the root system into smaller sections, each containing a viable shoot and root system. Dig up the plant and gently break apart the root system, being careful not to damage the shoots or roots. Replant the separated sections into a well-drained soil mixture and water them adequately.
The division of rhizomes is an effective method to maintain and propagate desirable characteristics of the parent plant.
Disease Management
Calystegia macounii is a relatively healthy plant species, but like all plants, it can be affected by diseases. The following are common diseases that might affect Calystegia macounii and their management:
Leaf Spot Diseases
Leaf spot diseases are caused by fungi that infect the leaves of plants. Symptoms include circular, brown or black spots on the leaves, which can coalesce to form larger, irregular patches. Management of leaf spot diseases includes removing diseased leaves, practicing crop rotation, and ensuring adequate air circulation around plants to reduce humidity. Fungicides can also be used to manage severe infections.
Root Rot
Root rot is a disease caused by fungi in the soil that infect plant roots. Symptoms include stunted growth, yellowing and wilting of leaves, and the eventual death of the plant. To manage root rot, it is crucial to ensure that planting sites have well-draining soil to prevent waterlogging. Fungicides can also be used to manage severe infections.
Pest Management
Calystegia macounii is also vulnerable to pest attacks. The following are common pests that might affect Calystegia macounii and their management:
Aphids
Aphids are small, pear-shaped insects that feed on the sap of plants. Infected plants may appear stunted, with curled or distorted leaves. Management of aphids includes removing infected leaves and maintaining good garden hygiene, which includes getting rid of weed hosts. Insecticidal soaps or horticultural oils are also effective in managing aphid infestations.
Spider Mites
Spider mites are small, spider-like pests that feed on the sap of plants and leave behind a fine webbing. Symptoms include stippling on the leaf surface, which gives leaves a yellowish appearance. The management of spider mites includes removing infected leaves, using predatory mites to feed on the spider mites, and applying insecticidal soaps or horticultural oils.
Early detection and prompt management of diseases and pests are critical in ensuring the health and longevity of Calystegia macounii plants. Furthermore, following good garden hygiene practices can reduce disease and pest pressure, limiting the need for chemical interventions.
