Overview
Calystegia collina (Greene) Brummitt, commonly known as Hill morning glory, is a species of flowering plant in the family Convolvulaceae. It is native to the south-central and southwestern United States.
Description
Calystegia collina is a perennial vine that can grow up to 6 feet (1.8 m) in length. The stem is slender and twining, with curved tendrils that aid the plant in climbing. The leaves are alternate, arrow-shaped, and green with pointed tips. The flowers are funnel-shaped and white or pink, measuring 1-2 inches (2.5-5 cm) in diameter. They bloom from June to September.
Uses
Calystegia collina has traditionally been used by Native Americans for medicinal purposes, including the treatment of snake bites, stomachaches, and constipation. The plant is also used as a natural dye for textiles and baskets. In addition, some gardeners cultivate this plant as an ornamental vine for its attractive flowers and foliage.
Threats and Conservation
Calystegia collina is not considered a threatened species, but it is occasionally affected by habitat loss due to human development and invasive plant species. Maintaining natural habitats and controlling invasive plants can help ensure the continued survival of this plant and other native species.
Light Requirements
Calystegia collina typically requires full sun to thrive. This perennial plant prefers to grow in areas that have a minimum of six hours of direct sunlight each day. In shaded areas, the growth of the plant may become weak and leggy.
Temperature Requirements
Calystegia collina is known to grow well in temperate climates. The plant prefers average temperatures that range between 15°C - 25°C (59°F - 77°F), however, it is hardy enough to tolerate temperatures as low as -12°C (10°F) and as high as 38°C (100°F).
Soil Requirements
The soil requirements for Calystegia collina include well-draining soil that is nutrient-rich. The plant prefers slightly acidic to neutral soils with a pH range of 6.0 - 7.5. The soils should be able to retain moisture, but not waterlogged, as the plant cannot tolerate waterlogged conditions. The addition of organic matter, such as compost or manure, can improve soil quality and promote healthy plant growth.
Cultivation methods
Calystegia collina, popularly known as Hillside bindweed, is a beautiful ornamental plant that can be grown in the garden or in containers. It prefers a well-drained soil with a pH of 6.0 to 7.0. The plant can be propagated by seeds or cuttings, and it is best planted in the spring when the soil has warmed up.
Watering needs
Calystegia collina requires regular watering, especially during the growing season. However, it is important not to overwater the plant to prevent root rot. Water the plant deeply and allow the soil to dry slightly between watering intervals. During the winter months, reduce the watering frequency.
Fertilization
Calystegia collina does not require heavy fertilization, but you can apply a balanced fertilizer during the growing season to promote healthy growth. However, avoid over-fertilizing the plant as it can cause excessive foliage growth at the expense of flower production. Use a slow-release fertilizer every two months during the growing season.
Pruning
Calystegia collina does not require regular pruning. However, if you notice any dead or damaged leaves or stems, you can remove them to encourage new growth. The plant also benefits from deadheading, which involves removing spent flowers to encourage the growth of new blooms. Prune the plant in the fall after flowering has ceased.
Propagation of Calystegia collina (Greene) Brummitt
Calystegia collina (Greene) Brummitt can be propagated through both sexual and asexual methods.
Sexual Propagation
Seeds of the plant can be collected in the late summer when they have ripened and turned brown. The seeds can be planted directly in the garden bed in the fall or stored for later use. To improve germination, soak the seeds in warm water for 24 hours before planting. Seeds typically take between 3-4 weeks to germinate and can be transplanted to their permanent location once they have developed several true leaves.
Asexual Propagation
Calystegia collina (Greene) Brummitt can also be propagated through root and stem cuttings. Cuttings are typically taken in the early spring before the plant begins to grow actively. Cuttings should be approximately 4-6 inches long and should be taken from stems that do not have any flowers or buds. The cuttings should be planted immediately in a well-draining soil mix and kept moist until new growth emerges. It is recommended to cover the cuttings with a plastic bag to maintain humidity and increase the chances of successful rooting. Once the cuttings have developed a root system, they can be transplanted to their permanent location.
Disease and Pest Management for Calystegia collina (Greene) Brummitt
Calystegia collina (Greene) Brummitt is generally a healthy plant that is not highly susceptible to pests or diseases. However, like any other plant, it can still be affected by problems that impact its growth and yield. Here are some of the common diseases and pests that can affect Calystegia collina and ways to manage them.
Diseases
One of the most common diseases that affects Calystegia collina is powdery mildew. This disease is caused by a fungus that forms a powdery white coating on the leaves, stems, and flowers of the plant. It can lead to reduced growth and yield if not properly managed. To control powdery mildew, keep the foliage dry by watering only at the base of the plant, and prune off any infected plant parts. Additionally, applying fungicide sprays can help prevent and control powdery mildew.
Another disease that can affect Calystegia collina is stem rot. This disease is caused by a fungal infection that can lead to wilted or yellowing leaves, stunted growth, and root damage. To prevent or manage stem rot, avoid overwatering and make sure the soil is well-draining. If the disease does occur, remove and destroy infected plant parts and avoid planting Calystegia collina in the same location for at least a year.
Pests
Calystegia collina is not highly susceptible to pests, but they can still occur. One of the most common pests that can affect this plant is spider mites. These pests are tiny and difficult to spot, but they can cause damage to the leaves by sucking the sap from them. To prevent spider mites, keep the plant foliage clean by washing it off with a strong stream of water regularly. If the infestation is severe, apply insecticidal soap or neem oil to control the problem.
Another pest that can affect Calystegia collina is the Aphid. These pests are small, soft-bodied insects that suck the sap from the plant's foliage. They can cause stunted growth, distorted leaves, and reduced yield. To manage an infestation, wash the plant with a strong stream of water regularly and introduce predatory insects such as ladybugs and lacewings. Additionally, applying an insecticidal soap or neem oil can help control aphids.
