Origin
Caloplaca ulmorum (Fink) Fink is a lichen species that belongs to the family Teloschistaceae. This species is native to North America and can be found growing in a variety of habitats, including forests, deserts, and tundra regions.
Common Names
Caloplaca ulmorum is commonly referred to as Elm Caloplaca, an allusion to its penchant for growing on elm trees.
Uses
Caloplaca ulmorum does not have any known uses in medicine or industry. However, it is an important species in the ecological community, playing its role in nutrient cycling and serving as a food source for certain species of birds and small mammals.
General Appearance
Caloplaca ulmorum has a crustose (crust-like) thallus that ranges in color from yellow-green to orange. The thallus is usually thick and can grow up to several millimeters in thickness. The apothecia, which are the fruiting structures of the lichen, are usually small and round, with a diameter of up to 1 mm. The apothecia are bright yellow-orange in color and have a raised margin. The ascospores, which are the reproductive cells of the lichen, are transversely septate (have crosswalls) and are about 7-11 µm in size. Overall, Caloplaca ulmorum is a conspicuous and easily identifiable lichen species.
Light Requirements:
Caloplaca ulmorum typically grows in areas with moderate to high sunlight exposure. It is commonly found growing on sunny slopes or on exposed rocks that receive direct sunlight. This species has a high tolerance for sunlight and can grow in full sun conditions, but may also be found growing in partially shaded areas.
Temperature Requirements:
Caloplaca ulmorum grows best in temperate to cool environments. This species typically grows in areas with average temperatures ranging from 5-18°C (41-64°F). It is able to tolerate extreme temperatures ranging from -21°C to 60°C (-6°F to 140°F), but growth rate may be affected in these conditions.
Soil Requirements:
Caloplaca ulmorum is commonly found growing on alkaline substrates such as limestone rocks or mortar. It can also be found growing on acidic substrates, such as sandstone, but is less commonly found in these environments. This species is able to tolerate nutrient-poor soils and can grow in areas with little organic matter.
Cultivation
Caloplaca ulmorum (Fink) Fink, commonly known as the elm saxifrage lichen, is a lichen species found growing on rough barked trees like the elm tree. It is easy to cultivate, provided the necessary growing conditions are met. The ideal growing conditions include bright light, high humidity, and moderate to cool temperatures of around 15-20ºC (59-68ºF).
Watering needs
Caloplaca ulmorum (Fink) Fink requires moist soil and a constant supply of water. You can water the lichen regularly, but be cautious not to overwater as excess water can lead to the growth of mold and rot. Ensure the soil medium is well-drained and water only when the topsoil feels dry to the touch. Additionally, avoid using hard tap water as it can contain minerals that can damage the lichen.
Fertilization
Fertilization is not necessary when growing Caloplaca ulmorum (Fink) Fink. The lichen will get all the necessary nutrients from the atmosphere and its host tree. However, if you notice the growth is slow or the lichen appears unhealthy, you can add a small amount of organic fertilizer to the soil.
Pruning
Caloplaca ulmorum (Fink) Fink is a slow-growing lichen that does not require pruning. However, if it has grown too large and needs trimming, prune only the dead or damaged parts with clean shears. The lichen's flaky growth should not be disturbed, as it can take a long time for it to grow back to its original size.
Propagation of Caloplaca ulmorum (Fink) Fink
Caloplaca ulmorum (Fink) Fink can be propagated through a variety of methods including sowing its seeds, division, and vegetative propagation. Each method has its own advantages and disadvantages depending on the grower's goals and resources.
Sowing Seeds
Sowing seeds is a common method of propagating Caloplaca ulmorum. The seeds can be sown directly into the soil or in containers, and they require a well-draining soil mixture. The best time to sow the seeds is during the spring or early summer when the temperature is warm and the conditions are favorable for seed germination. The seeds should be kept moist but not overly wet during the germination process.
Division
Division is another method of propagating Caloplaca ulmorum. This involves separating the plant into smaller sections, each of which can be grown into a new plant. Division is best done in the spring or fall when the plant is actively growing and has enough energy to support new growth. The sections should be carefully separated using a sharp, sterile knife, and then planted in a well-draining soil mixture.
Vegetative Propagation
Vegetative propagation involves taking cuttings from an established plant and rooting them to create new plants. This method is useful when trying to preserve certain traits or characteristics of the original plant. The best time to take cuttings is during the spring or summer when the plant is actively growing. The cuttings should be taken from the newer growth and should be approximately four inches long. Afterward, the cuttings should be dipped in a rooting hormone to help with the growth process, before being planted in a well-draining soil mixture.
Disease and Pest Management of Caloplaca ulmorum (Fink) Fink
Caloplaca ulmorum (Fink) Fink is a yellow-orange crustose lichen commonly found on bark of elm trees, as well as other deciduous trees. Proper disease and pest management is necessary to ensure the growth and survival of the plant. Here are some common diseases and pests that might affect Caloplaca ulmorum (Fink) Fink and ways to effectively manage them:
Common Diseases
One of the most common diseases that affects Caloplaca ulmorum (Fink) Fink is lichen spot disease. This disease is usually caused by acid rain, pollution and other environmental factors that cause damage to the lichen. The disease appears as small white spots in the thallus which can cause discoloration and deterioration of the tissue. To manage this disease, avoid spraying any chemical or insecticide on the plant, and instead, reduce the use of fertilizers and try to reduce the air pollution around the plant.
Bacterial canker is another disease that may affect Caloplaca ulmorum (Fink) Fink. It causes reddish spots on the surface of the thallus, which eventually causes cracks and splits in the tissue. Remove the infected lichen carefully and avoid wounding the healthy thallus when pruning. The area surrounding the plant should be kept clean and free from dead tissue to prevent the spread of disease.
Common Pests
The major pests that attack Caloplaca ulmorum (Fink) Fink are scale insects, mites and mealybugs. These pests feed on the sap from the lichen, which can weaken and even kill the plant. To get rid of these pests, wash the plant with a solution of water and mild soap. You can also use a mixture of rubbing alcohol and water which can help to eliminate the pests. Be careful not to use any strong insecticides or pesticides that can harm the lichen.
In conclusion, proper disease and pest management is crucial to maintain the health of Caloplaca ulmorum (Fink) Fink. Follow the above mentioned measures to manage the diseases and pests effectively.
