Description of Caloplaca Discolor
Caloplaca discolor (Willey) Fink is a lichenized fungus belonging to the family of Teloschistaceae. This crustose lichen is commonly known as the "Orange-wall lichen" because of its bright orange color, which is a distinctive characteristic of this species.
Origin and Range
Caloplaca discolor is widely distributed throughout North America, Europe, and Asia. This species is commonly found growing on calcareous rocks, walls, and roofs with moderate to high levels of nitrogen and pollution.
General Appearance
Caloplaca discolor has a crusty thallus that is bright orange when dry, but paler and less conspicuous when moist. The thallus is thin, smooth, and granular, with a distinctive raised marginal zone. The apothecia, or fruiting bodies, are raised and disk-like with a thin, smooth, and glossy orange-red to reddish-brown disc. The lecideine-type apothecia (without a true rim) are strongly convex and have a diameter of 1-2 mm. Moreover, the spores are ellipsoid and measure 8-12 by 4-6 micrometers in size.
Uses
Caloplaca discolor is a frequent ornamental plant used in landscaping and gardening due to its attractive orange color and tolerant nature. Additionally, this lichen has been used as a traditional medicine in some regions for treating various ailments such as heartburn, sore throat, and eye infections. However, it is crucial to note that no scientific evidence supports the medicinal properties of Caloplaca discolor, and it should not be consumed without proper consultation.
Light Conditions
Caloplaca discolor is a lichen that typically grows in moderate to high light conditions. It thrives in areas with direct sunlight exposure, such as rocks, cliffs, and tree trunks where it can receive plenty of light.
Temperature
Caloplaca discolor can grow in a wide range of temperatures, but it prefers moderate temperatures. It thrives in areas with temperatures ranging from 18 to 25 degrees Celsius. This lichen can survive in extreme temperatures and cold environments, making it a hardy species.
Soil Requirements
Caloplaca discolor usually grows on rocks, bark and wood. It can grow on a range of substrates and soils, but it prefers nutrient-poor soils. It is commonly found on siliceous rocks or tree barks; however, it can also grow on other substrates like concrete or tiles. The growth rate of this lichen can be faster in soils with high nitrogen levels. Therefore, it can also grow in places with moderate to low pollution levels, such as urban areas.
Cultivation Methods
Caloplaca discolor (Willey) Fink, commonly known as pounded disk lichen, is a species of lichen that is native to Europe, Northern Africa, and Asia. Cultivating this plant can be done by either growing it on soil or rocks.
When growing Caloplaca discolor on the soil, it is recommended to use well-draining soil with a pH range of 6.0 to 7.0. The soil should be placed in a container with good drainage and then wet thoroughly before planting. The lichen should then be placed on the wet soil with good airflow.
For growing Caloplaca discolor on rocks, select a rock that is clean and free from any other vegetation. Ensure that the rock is not too porous, as this may not support lichen growth. The rock should then be washed and allowed to dry before the lichen is attached to it. The lichen should be placed in a spot with good airflow and light access.
Watering Needs
Caloplaca discolor is a lichen and has specific water requirements. It can absorb water from the atmosphere, and hence there is no need to water it regularly. However, it is recommended to sprinkle water on the lichen once a week during dry spells to ensure it stays properly hydrated.
Also, ensure that the lichen is not exposed to standing water as it may reduce its growth rate or cause it to die off.
Fertilization
Caloplaca discolor is a lichen that does not require any fertilization. Lichens can get all the nutrients they require from the atmosphere and their natural habitat. Using fertilizers may damage the lichen and reduce its growth rate. Therefore, it's not recommended to apply fertilizers to this plant.
Pruning
Pruning is not required for Caloplaca discolor. This plant grows slowly and requires minimal maintenance. Keep the surrounding vegetation trimmed to avoid competition for space and light.
Propagation of Caloplaca discolor
Caloplaca discolor, commonly known as the gray cobblestone lichen, can be propagated through vegetative methods such as fragmentation and soredia.
Fragmentation
Fragmentation involves physically dividing the thallus of the lichen into smaller pieces. This method is suitable for Caloplaca discolor since it has a crustose thallus. The fragments are then placed on moistened substrate suitable for the growth of the lichen. The substrate provides a supportive base for the attachment of regenerated fragments. The substrate should be kept moist until the lichen forms a well-established holdfast before reducing the frequency of watering gradually.
Soredia
Soredia is a vegetative propagule made up of fungal hyphae surrounding algal cells. They usually develop on the surface of the thallus and are dispersed by wind or raindrops. Soredia are capable of surviving long distance transport and can colonize new habitats. For propagation through soredia, the lichen is detached from its original substrate and placed on a suitable substrate. The substrate is then moistened to facilitate the release of soredia. The pot or tray is then kept in a location with low light intensity and high humidity to allow the soredia to attach and regenerate into full thalli.
Propagation of Caloplaca discolor can be a slow process that requires patience, but it is an effective way to preserve and conserve lichen populations.
Disease and Pest Management for Caloplaca Discolor
Caloplaca discolor (Willey) Fink is a type of lichen that is found in many parts of the world. While it is relatively hardy and can grow in a variety of environments, it is still susceptible to a number of diseases and pests that can hinder its growth and damage its appearance.
Common Diseases
One of the most common diseases that affects Caloplaca discolor is lichen spot disease. This is caused by a fungus that attacks the lichen and causes small brown or black spots to appear on the surface of the plant. In severe cases, the spots can grow and merge together, forming large patches of dead tissue. Another disease that affects Caloplaca discolor is bacterial canker, which causes the branches of the plant to turn black and wilt.
Pest Management
Like many other types of plants, Caloplaca discolor is also susceptible to a number of pests that can damage its growth and overall health. One common pest that affects the plant is aphids, which feed off the sap of the plant and can cause wilting and stunted growth. Another pest is mealybugs, which can cause yellowing of the leaves and deformation of the plant.
Disease Management
To manage lichen spot disease in Caloplaca discolor, it is important to keep the plant well-ventilated and avoid over-watering. Fungicides can also be used to treat the disease, but it is important to follow the instructions carefully to avoid damaging the lichen. For bacterial canker, the infected areas of the plant should be pruned and destroyed to prevent the disease from spreading.
Pest Control
Controlling pests in Caloplaca discolor involves a combination of cultural and chemical control measures. For example, maintaining good hygiene in the growing area and removing any debris or dead plant material can help to discourage pests. Insecticidal soaps and oils can also be used to control aphids and mealybugs, but again, it is important to follow the instructions carefully to avoid harming the plant.
Overall, proper care and maintenance are important for managing diseases and pests in Caloplaca discolor. By taking preventive measures and addressing any issues that arise promptly, it is possible to keep the plant healthy and looking its best.
