Overview of Calicium corynellum (Ach.) Ach.
Calicium corynellum (Ach.) Ach. is a species of lichen that belongs to the family Caliciaceae. It is commonly known as Corynelia lichen or Pink Earth Lichen. It is a widely distributed lichen that can be found in various parts of the world, including Europe, Africa, Asia, and North America.
General Appearance
Calicium corynellum (Ach.) Ach. typically grows on the soil or mosses and has a flattened, crinkled, and irregularly shaped thallus. The thallus is pinkish or whitish on the upper surface and darker pink or brown on the lower surface. It grows in small patches, and the size may range from 0.5 to 2 cm in diameter.
The apothecia of Calicium corynellum (Ach.) Ach. are small and reddish-brown, measuring around 0.1-0.2 mm in diameter, with an elevated margin and a concave disc. The asci are cylindrical and eight-spored, and the ascospores are ellipsoid to oblong, measuring 12-17 × 6-9 µm.
Uses
Calicium corynellum (Ach.) Ach. is not known to have any particular uses except for its role as a bioindicator for habitat quality. Different lichen species are known to be sensitive to environmental changes such as pollution, making them useful in monitoring air quality and habitat condition in general.
The lichen also has a low tolerance to desiccation, making it an important species for the study of the effects of climate change on lichen communities.
Conclusion
Calicium corynellum (Ach.) Ach. is a small lichen species that grows on soil and mosses worldwide. It has no known specific use and is primarily used as a bioindicator. It has a distinct pinkish appearance and small reddish-brown apothecia that distinguishes it from other lichen species. Its sensitivity to environmental changes makes it valuable in monitoring the habitat quality and the effects of climate change in general.
Light Requirements
Calicium corynellum (Ach.) Ach. is a photosynthetic plant, so it requires adequate light to grow. It can grow in high and low light conditions but prefers moderate to high light levels. Direct sunlight may harm the plant.
Temperature Requirements
The plant can grow in a wide range of temperatures. However, the optimal growth temperature is between 18-25°C. Temperatures below 10°C may retard growth and reduce the overall vitality of the plant.
Soil Requirements
The plant grows best in well-drained soil that is nutrient-rich with a slightly acidic pH. The soil should also have good aeration to prevent waterlogging and root rot. Sandy loam or loamy soil types are ideal for the growth of Calicium corynellum (Ach.) Ach.
Cultivation Methods
Calicium corynellum (Ach.) Ach. is a lichen species that can grow on various types of substrates, including soil, rocks, and bark of trees. It prefers areas with humid and shaded conditions, but it can tolerate some levels of sunlight. This plant requires low maintenance; hence it is an excellent choice for beginner gardeners.
Watering Needs
Keep the soil moist but not waterlogged. Overwatering can cause the plant's roots to rot. Drought conditions can also stunt its growth and reduce its ability to reproduce. It is advisable to water the plant in the morning or late afternoon to avoid water evaporation. The frequency of watering will depend on the climate and substrate of your garden.
Fertilization
Calicium corynellum does not require regular fertilization. However, you can give it a boost during the growing season by applying a slow-release, balanced fertilizer. Avoid using synthetic fertilizers, which can harm the plant and ruin the soil's fertility. Instead, use organic compost or manure, which will improve the soil structure, aeration and provide nutrients to your plant.
Pruning
Pruning is not necessary for Calicium corynellum since it does not have traditional leaves, stems, or branches. However, it is advisable to remove any dead or damaged lichen from your plant to maintain its aesthetics. It would help if you also monitored the plant for pests and diseases, which can affect its growth and health. In case of outbreaks, use natural or organic remedies to control the problem.
Propagation of Calicium corynellum (Ach.) Ach.
There are several methods to propagate Calicium corynellum (Ach.) Ach. The most common methods are:
1. Spore propagation
Spore propagation is the most common method of propagation for Calicium corynellum (Ach.) Ach. To propagate the plant through spores, collect the matured spores from the plant and sow them directly onto the soil surface. Keep the soil moist and ensure it receives adequate sunlight. Under ideal conditions, the spores will germinate within a few weeks.
2. Vegetative propagation
Calicium corynellum (Ach.) Ach. can also be propagated vegetatively, usually through the division of the plant. The best time to do this is in the spring when the new growth begins. To propagate through division, carefully remove the plant from the soil and separate the individual shoots. Replant the individual shoots in new soil and water thoroughly.
3. Tissue culture propagation
Tissue culture propagation is another method used for propagating Calicium corynellum (Ach.) Ach. It involves the use of meristematic tissue culture techniques. This method is used to produce large quantities of plants with similar characteristics in a short period. However, it requires special equipment and expertise and may not be suitable for amateur gardeners.
Disease and Pest Management for Calicium corynellum
Calicium corynellum is a lichen species that is generally disease resistant and pest tolerant. However, like any plant, it is not completely impervious to troubles. Here are some of the common diseases and pests that might affect the plant and how to manage them.
Common Diseases
One of the most common diseases that affect Calicium corynellum is lichen spot disease. This disease is caused by the fungus Lecanora populicola, which creates small, discolored spots on the lichen. To manage this disease, it is recommended to promote good air circulation, to avoid wetting the leaves while watering, and to remove and dispose of affected leaves carefully. Other preventative measures include providing proper nutrition and maintaining a consistent watering schedule.
Common Pests
Calicium corynellum is not typically bothered by pests, especially if it is grown indoors. However, if grown outdoors, the plant may be susceptible to aphid infestations. These small, soft-bodied insects can rapidly reproduce causing significant damage to the plant. To manage aphids, it is recommended to remove any affected leaves and to keep the surrounding area free of debris as well as to use natural insecticidal soaps or oils, or other organic pesticides. Another option is to introduce natural predators, such as ladybugs, to the garden area.
Overall, by providing proper care and maintenance, disease and pest problems can be avoided or managed effectively.
