Overview of Calendula hispida Thunb.
Calendula hispida Thunb. (also known as Calendula sericea Burch. ex DC.) is a species of hardy annual or biennial herbaceous plant belonging to the Asteraceae family. This plant is commonly called rough Calendula or hairy Calendula because of its characteristic roughness and hairiness. It is known for its highly ornamental qualities and medicinal properties.
Origin and Distribution
Calendula hispida Thunb. is native to the Southern and Eastern parts of Africa, including Madagascar. This species of Calendula can be found growing on well-drained soils at altitudes ranging from sea level to about 2,500 m. It is commonly found growing in open fields, roadsides, and along riverbanks.
Common Names
Calendula hispida Thunb. has several common names in different regions of the world. Some of these include:
- Rough Calendula
- Hairy Calendula
- Silky Calendula
- Wild Marigold
General Appearance
Calendula hispida Thunb. is a small, bushy plant that can reach a height of up to 30 cm. It has a single stem and can produce multiple branches. The leaves are a pale green color, hairy, and have a toothed edge. The flowers are bright yellow and are made up of long petals with a dark, round center. They bloom in late spring and summer, and can produce seed pods that can be used for propagation.
Uses
Calendula hispida Thunb. has several uses, including medicinal, cosmetic, and ornamental purposes. The flowers and leaves of this plant can be used to make tea that has been used to treat various ailments, such as stomach ulcers, menstrual cramps, and inflammation. In cosmetics, the plant extract is used in ointments and creams for its anti-inflammatory and antibacterial properties. Calendula hispida Thunb. is also popular as an ornamental plant and can be used in gardens, borders, and containers. It is an attractive plant and adds a pop of color to any setting.
Growth Conditions for Calendula hispida Thunb.
Calendula hispida Thunb. plant, commonly known as the Korean marigold, is a flowering plant that belongs to the Asteraceae family. It is a native to Korea, where it grows in the wild. The plant is easy to cultivate and care for due to its adaptability to a wide range of environmental conditions. Here are the typical growth conditions for Calendula hispida Thunb:
Light Requirements
Calendula hispida Thunb. plant prefers full sunlight exposure to partial shade. It requires a minimum of 6 hours of bright light per day for optimal growth and flowering. In areas with hot summers, it may benefit from shade during the hottest part of the day to prevent wilting. Lack of adequate light may result in reduced growth and branching, weak stems, and poor flowering.
Temperature Requirements
The Korean marigold can tolerate a wide range of temperatures. It grows well in temperatures ranging from 15°C to 30°C (59°F to 86°F). The ideal temperature for its growth and flowering is around 20°C to 25°C (68°F to 77°F). In areas with frost, it is advisable to grow the plant as an annual or in a greenhouse. Extreme temperatures above 35°C (95°F) or below 5°C (41°F) can cause significant damage to the plant or even death.
Soil Requirements
Calendula hispida Thunb. prefers well-draining soil with a neutral to slightly acidic pH (around 6.5). It thrives in various soil types, including loam, sandy, or clay soils. The soil should be rich in organic matter to provide proper nutrition for the plant. Ensure the soil stays moist but not waterlogged, as waterlogging can cause root rot, leading to plant death.
In conclusion, providing Calendula hispida Thunb. with adequate light, temperature, and soil requirements will yield a healthy and vigorous plant, resulting in abundant flowering.
Cultivation Methods
Calendula hispida Thunb. is a hardy plant that can be grown in a variety of soils, but it thrives best in well-drained soil with a pH range of 6.0 to 7.0. It prefers full sun but can tolerate some shade. The seeds should be sown directly into the soil in the spring and summer, about 1-2 inches deep and 12-18 inches apart. The soil should be kept moist until the seedlings emerge.
Watering Needs
Calendula hispida Thunb. needs consistent watering, especially during dry weather. However, overwatering can lead to root rot, so it is essential not to water the plant excessively. The plant requires about 1-2 inches of water per week. The best time to water is early in the morning or late in the afternoon when the temperatures are cool. It is recommended to water the plant at the base because wet foliage can promote disease.
Fertilization
Calendula hispida Thunb. is not a heavy feeder, and excessive fertilization can lead to poor growth and less flower production. A slow-release fertilizer with a balanced NPK ratio can be applied to the soil during planting. Alternatively, a side dressing of organic compost or well-rotted manure can be applied to the soil's surface in the early spring to provide nutrients to the plant.
Pruning
Calendula hispida Thunb. does not require pruning, but it can be beneficial to deadhead spent blooms to promote continuous flowering. Deadheading involves removing the spent flowers by cutting the stem back to the nearest set of leaves. This process redirects the plant's energy to produce new flowers instead of setting seeds. It is also essential to remove any damaged or diseased leaves or stems that can potentially harm the plant's health.
Propagation of Calendula hispida Thunb.
Calendula hispida Thunb. is commonly known as the Korean Marigold and is a herbaceous plant that belongs to the Asteraceae family. This plant is native to Korea, Japan, and China and is grown for its ornamental and medicinal purposes.
Calendula hispida Thunb. can be propagated by various methods including:
1. Seed propagation
The most common and easiest method of Calendula hispida Thunb. propagation is by using seeds. The seeds are harvested from the matured plant during the autumn season. The seeds have a high germination rate and can be sown directly into the soil or the seedbed in spring.
The soil must be well-drained and fertile with a pH level of 6.0 to 7.0. The seeds should be sown on the surface of the soil and then covered lightly with soil. They should be watered carefully until they germinate. Once the seedlings have grown to a height of 2-3 inches, they can be transplanted into a bigger container or outside garden bed.
2. Stem cutting propagation
Calendula hispida Thunb. can also be propagated by stem cuttings. The stem cuttings are taken from the mature plant and should be 3-4 inches long with no flowers. The cuttings should be dipped in rooting hormone powder and then planted in well-drained soil with good moisture levels. Keep the soil moist and place the cuttings in indirect sunlight until they take root. The new plants can be transplanted to a bigger container or the outside garden once the roots are established.
3. Division propagation
Division propagation is another method of Calendula hispida Thunb. propagation. This method involves dividing the mature plant into smaller sections and replanting them. The best time for division is during the spring season when new growth appears. The soil must be dug carefully and the roots separated gently. The new divisions should be planted in well-drained and moist soil and kept in indirect sunlight until they establish roots.
Propagation of Calendula hispida Thunb. is relatively easy and can be accomplished using various methods. With proper care and maintenance, these plants can add a splash of color and beauty to any garden or landscape.
Disease and Pest Management for Calendula hispida Thunb. Plant
Calendula hispida Thunb. is a native plant of South Africa and is commonly known as a dwarf calendula. It is a hardy plant that can tolerate dryness, but it is susceptible to certain diseases and pests that can damage the plant. Here are some of the common diseases and pests that might affect the plant and suggested ways to manage them.
Diseases
One of the most common diseases that can affect Calendula hispida Thunb. is powdery mildew. Powdery mildew is a fungal disease that thrives in humid conditions and can cause white powdery patches on foliage. To manage this disease, it is recommended to keep the plant dry by watering in the morning and providing adequate air circulation. Additionally, you can treat the plant with fungicides like neem oil or copper-based products.
Another disease that can affect the plant is root rot caused by soil-borne pathogens. To manage this disease, it is recommended to grow the plant in well-draining soil and avoid overwatering. Additionally, you can use soil fumigants or biocontrol agents to manage the soil-borne pathogens.
Pests
Calendula hispida Thunb. is also susceptible to pests like aphids, spider mites, and whiteflies. Aphids can cause leaf curling and stunted growth of the plant, while spider mites and whiteflies can cause yellowing of foliage and webbing on the plant. To manage these pests, you can use insecticidal soap or neem oil. Additionally, you can introduce beneficial insects like ladybugs or lacewings to control these pests naturally.
Overall, it is important to regularly monitor the plant for signs of diseases and pests to prevent an infestation from spreading. By following effective disease and pest management strategies, you can help ensure the health and longevity of your Calendula hispida Thunb. plant.
