Description of Calendula decurrens Thunb.
Calendula decurrens Thunb. is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae. It is native to South Africa and is commonly referred to as 'African Marigold', 'Cape marigold', and 'Cape daisy'.
Appearance of Calendula decurrens Thunb.
Calendula decurrens Thunb. is a low-growing perennial shrub that typically grows up to 30 cm tall. It has woody stems, which are hairy and can grow up to 3 cm in diameter. The leaves are green and toothed, and they occur in opposite pairs along the stem. The flowers are bright yellow or orange, with petals that are 3-4 cm long. They bloom from early summer to late autumn, and the fruits are small, brown, and edible.
Uses of Calendula decurrens Thunb.
Calendula decurrens Thunb. is widely used for medicinal purposes. The flowers contain many active compounds, including polysaccharides, flavonoids, and triterpenoids, which have anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and antioxidant properties. It has been used to treat skin problems, such as eczema, psoriasis, and fungal infections. The plant is also used for culinary purposes, and the leaves and flowers are used to flavor soups, stews, and salads. Calendula decurrens Thunb. is an attractive garden plant and is often grown for its vivid flowers.
Light Requirements
Calendula decurrens Thunb. thrives well in full sun or partial shade. In areas with hot summers, it is better to provide some shade during the hottest part of the day. This plant needs well-distributed light to produce abundant blooms.
Temperature Requirements
Calendula decurrens Thunb. is a hardy plant that can tolerate a wide range of temperatures. It grows well in temperate to sub-tropical climates. The optimal temperature range for growth and development is between 15 to 27 °C, with the ideal temperature being around 20°C. However, it can survive low temperatures as well and can remain alive even during mild frost.
Soil Requirements
The plant prefers a well-drained soil that is rich in organic matter. In general, the soil pH should be between 6.0 to 7.0. Calendula decurrens Thunb. grows in a variety of soils, from sandy to clay. However, it does better in a loamy soil that retains moisture without promoting waterlogging. A soil with good drainage, high in soil organic matter, and neutral to slightly alkaline soil is preferred.
Cultivation methods
Calendula decurrens Thunb., commonly known as cape marigold, is a perennial plant that is easy to grow and care for. It can grow up to 30 cm in height and 60 cm in width. The plant prefers full sun to partial shade and well-draining soil.
It is recommended to propagate the plant through seeds or cuttings in the spring. Place the seeds or cuttings in soil medium in a warm, bright location and keep the soil moist. Transplant the seedlings or rooted cuttings when they are a few inches tall.
Watering needs
Calendula decurrens Thunb. requires moderate watering. It is important to keep the soil moist but not waterlogged. Water the plant once a week or when the top inch of soil feels dry to the touch. During the hot summer months, the plant may require more frequent watering.
Fertilization
Fertilization is not necessary for Calendula decurrens Thunb. However, adding a slow-release fertilizer during the initial planting stage can help the plant establish itself. Alternatively, adding compost or organic matter to the soil can also provide essential nutrients to the plant.
Pruning
Pruning is not essential, but it can help maintain the plant's shape and extend its lifespan. Deadheading or removing spent flowers can encourage the plant to produce more blooms. If the plant becomes too leggy or crowded, it can be cut back to the base in the fall to encourage new growth in the following spring.
Propagation of Calendula decurrens Thunb.
Calendula decurrens Thunb., commonly known as cape marigold or trailing calendula, is a robust, low-growing perennial plant native to South Africa. It is widely grown for its attractive yellow or orange daisy-like flowers and medicinal properties. In this section, we will discuss various methods of propagating this plant.
Seed propagation
The most common and easiest method of propagating Calendula decurrens Thunb. is by seed. The plant produces ample amounts of seeds, and they are readily available at nurseries and garden centers. To propagate from seed, follow these steps:
- Collect the seeds when the plant has finished blooming and the seed pods have dried.
- Plant the seeds in a well-draining soil mix, and cover them with a thin layer of soil.
- Water the soil and keep it moist until the seeds germinate.
- Once the seedlings have several sets of true leaves, transplant them into individual pots or a garden bed.
Division
Calendula decurrens Thunb. can also be propagated through division. This method is ideal for larger, well-established plants that have outgrown their space. To propagate through division, follow these steps:
- Dig up the mature plant in the early spring, making sure to disturb the roots as little as possible.
- Using a sharp, clean knife or a pair of pruning shears, divide the plant into several sections, making sure each section has both roots and healthy foliage.
- Plant each section in a well-draining soil mix, and water it well.
Stem cuttings
Propagation through stem cuttings is a less common but still effective method of propagating Calendula decurrens Thunb. This method is best done during the growing season when the plant is actively producing new growth. To propagate through stem cuttings, follow these steps:
- Choose a healthy stem, and cut a 4- to 6-inch-long section that has several sets of leaves. Make the cut just below a node.
- Remove the leaves on the lower part of the cutting, and dip the cut end in rooting hormone.
- Plant the cutting in a well-draining soil mix, and water it well.
- Keep the cutting in a warm, bright location, and mist it occasionally. The cutting should develop roots within three to four weeks.
- Once the cutting has established roots, transplant it into an individual pot or a garden bed.
Regardless of the chosen propagation method, it is essential to keep the soil moist and warm until the new plants establish themselves. Once the plants have matured, they will require little maintenance, making them an excellent addition to any garden or landscape.
Disease and Pest Management for Calendula decurrens Thunb.
Calendula decurrens Thunb., commonly known as cape marigold, is a beautiful plant that is commonly grown for its ornamental value. However, like many other plants, it can be affected by various diseases and pests that can cause significant damage to the plant. Here are some common diseases and pests that might affect Calendula decurrens and ways to manage them.
Common Diseases
Powdery mildew: Powdery mildew is a fungal disease that affects the leaves of Calendula decurrens, leaving a white, powdery coating on the leaves. To manage this disease, it is essential to maintain good air circulation around the plant and avoid watering the foliage. Regular spraying with a fungicide can also help prevent the spread of powdery mildew.
Verticillium wilt: Verticillium wilt is a soil-borne fungus that can cause yellowing, wilting, and death of the plant. The best way to manage this disease is by planting resistant varieties of Calendula decurrens. If the disease is already present, then it is advisable to remove and destroy infected plants to prevent the spread of the fungus.
Common Pests
Aphids: Aphids are common pests that can attack Calendula decurrens, sucking sap from the leaves and causing stunted growth and distorted leaves. To control aphids, regular spraying with insecticidal soap can be helpful. Predatory insects such as ladybugs can also be introduced to the garden to feed on aphids.
Thrips: Thrips are tiny insects that can cause severe damage to the flowers and leaves of Calendula decurrens. They can cause distorted leaves and flower buds, which can lead to weak or deformed flowers. To manage thrips, it is essential to keep the garden clean and free of debris. Introducing predatory insects such as lacewings can also help control thrips.
Overall, by following good cultural practices and taking timely action to manage diseases and pests, it is possible to keep Calendula decurrens healthy and looking its best.
