Overview of Calendula arborescens Jacq.
Calendula arborescens Jacq. is a shrub species that belongs to the family Asteraceae. It is widely known for its therapeutic and medicinal properties and is native to the Mediterranean region. The plant has numerous common names, including Tree Calendula, Cape Marigold, and Yellow Mexican Marigold.
General Appearance of Calendula arborescens Jacq.
The Calendula arborescens Jacq. plant can grow up to a height of 1-1.5 meters tall and has a spread of around 0.5-1 meter. The blooms of the plant are yellow in color and have a dark center. The leaves of this plant are grayish-green and oval-shaped. The plant's stem is greenish-grey and is hairy in nature.
Uses of Calendula arborescens Jacq.
The plant has been used as a medicinal herb for many years, and its extracts have been used to cure wounds, reduce inflammation, and treat skin ailments. The plant has been used in traditional medicine to treat ulcers, menstrual cramps, and gastrointestinal disorders.
Additionally, the plant is known to have antiseptic properties, and its extracts can be used as a mouthwash or gargle in the treatment of mouth sores, sore throats, and toothaches.
The Calendula arborescens Jacq. plant is widely grown for its ornamental value. It can be used to line garden paths, borders, and cultivated beds. The plant's yellow blooms add a pop of color to gardens and attract bees and butterflies, making it a favorite among garden enthusiasts.
Light Requirements
Calendula arborescens Jacq. thrives well in full sun to partial shade conditions. As an outdoor plant, it needs at least six hours of direct sunlight every day. However, it can also grow in indoor settings given enough sunlight exposure.
Temperature Requirements
The plant grows best in warm temperatures ranging between 15-25°C (59-77°F). Temperatures below 15°C (59°F) can significantly slow down or even halt growth. For the successful cultivation of Calendula arborescens Jacq., it is essential to maintain a warm temperature range.
Soil Requirements
Calendula arborescens Jacq. can grow in a wide range of soils; however, it thrives best in loamy soil. The pH range for the plant is 6.0 to 7.0. The soil should be well-draining to avoid waterlogging because Calendula arborescens Jacq. does not tolerate damp soil conditions. Additionally, the soil should be rich in organic matter and nutrients for a better growth rate.
Cultivation Methods for Calendula arborescens Jacq.
Calendula arborescens Jacq. prefers full sun exposure. The species can tolerate light shade, but flowering may not be as prolific in this condition. The plant thrives in well-draining soil and is relatively drought-tolerant once established. The seeds germinate within a week to ten days and will flower after about 50-60 days from sowing.
Watering Needs for Calendula arborescens Jacq.
Calendula arborescens Jacq. requires regular watering during its establishment period. It is vital to avoid overwatering as this will cause damage to the delicate roots. Once established, the plant can withstand periods of drought, only requiring watering during extended dry periods.
Fertilization for Calendula arborescens Jacq.
Calendula arborescens Jacq. does not require regular fertilization. However, adding some compost or well-rotted manure to the soil during the plant's establishment period can support its growth. Over-fertilization should be avoided as it can cause excessive foliage growth and limit flowering. Nitrogen-rich composts should also be avoided.
Pruning for Calendula arborescens Jacq.
Pruning Calendula arborescens Jacq. is not necessary, but removing spent flowers can encourage more prolonged blooming. Pruning can also encourage bushier and more compact growth, making the plant more attractive. Prune the plant by cutting back the stems by about half their length in late summer or early autumn.
Propagation of Calendula arborescens Jacq.
Calendula arborescens Jacq. is commonly known as the Mexican Marigold. It is a perennial shrub native to Mexico and Central America. The plant is popularly grown for its bright yellow, orange, and bronze flowers that bloom all year round. Propagation of Calendula arborescens Jacq. can be achieved by several methods such as seeds, stem cuttings, and division of root.
Propagation by Seeds
Calendula arborescens Jacq. can be propagated by sowing seeds in a well-draining soil mixture. The seeds are usually sown in spring or fall in a seed tray filled with soil. The tray should be kept moist and placed in a warm and bright location until the seeds germinate. Once the seedlings have developed, they can be transplanted into individual pots. The seedling should be kept in a partially shaded area, and the soil should be moist but not waterlogged.
Propagation by Stem Cuttings
Calendula arborescens Jacq. can be propagated by taking stem cuttings from an existing plant in spring or summer. The cutting should be about 10 cm long and should be taken from the upper part of the plant. The leaves on the lower side of the cutting should be removed, and the cutting should be dipped into rooting hormone powder. The cutting should then be planted in a well-draining soil mixture and kept in a partially shaded location. The soil should be kept moist but not waterlogged until the cutting develops roots and new leaves.
Propagation by Division of Root
Calendula arborescens Jacq. can be propagated by dividing the root ball of a mature plant. The plant should be dug up carefully, and the root ball should be divided into several smaller plants. Each plant should have some roots and leaves. The new plants should be planted in well-draining soil mixture and kept in partially shaded locations. The soil should be kept moist but not waterlogged until the plants develop new roots and leaves.
Disease Management for Calendula arborescens Jacq.
Calendula arborescens Jacq. is fairly resistant to diseases. However, in certain environmental conditions, it may be affected by different diseases. Here are some of the common diseases and ways to prevent/ treat them:
Botrytis Blight
Botrytis blight is a fungal disease that causes grey spots on the leaves and flowers and can eventually lead to the death of the plant. To prevent this disease, it is essential to keep the garden clean and remove any dead or infested plant debris. Moreover, make sure that there is good air circulation around the plant and avoid overwatering. In case the plant is infected, apply a fungicide.
Mildew
Mildew is another fungal disease that can affect Calendula arborescens Jacq., especially in humid and moist conditions. The plant will look powdery, and the leaves may start to curl and die. To prevent this disease, ensure the plant has good air circulation, and avoid over-crowding. Water the plant at the base and avoid getting the leaves wet. In case of infection, apply a fungicide.
Pest Management for Calendula arborescens Jacq.
Calendula arborescens Jacq. is generally pest-resistant. However, sometimes, it may be affected by pests like:
Aphids
Aphids are small, pear-shaped insects that suck the sap from the leaves and stems of the plant. This can cause stunted growth, yellowing of leaves, and reduced flowering. To prevent infestation, ensure the plant is well-fed and healthy. In case the plant is infected, spray it with a strong stream of water to deter the pests. Alternatively, use insecticides.
Scales
Scales are tiny insects that stick to the leaves and stems of the plant and feed on its sap. They appear as small round or oval bumps and can cause wilting of the leaves. To prevent this pest, avoid overwatering and over-fertilizing the plant. Use a horticultural oil spray to get rid of the scales.
