Overview
Calathea makoyana, also known as peacock plant or cathedral windows, is a species of perennial plant belonging to the Marantaceae family. It is native to the rainforests of Brazil and has become a popular houseplant due to its unique foliage and easy care requirements.
Appearance
The Calathea makoyana can grow up to 30 inches in height and forms a dense clump of leaves. Its elongated, oval-shaped leaves are up to 12 inches in length and 6 inches in width, with deep green coloration that is marked with pink stripes along each side of the midrib. The undersides of the leaves have a purple hue, adding to the plant's striking appearance.
Uses
The Calathea makoyana is primarily grown for ornamental purposes. Its unique foliage makes it an attractive addition to any indoor space, and it is frequently used in office buildings, hotels, and homes. Due to its air-purifying capabilities, it is also a popular choice for improving indoor air quality. In addition, extracts from Calathea makoyana have been used in traditional medicine to treat a variety of ailments, although scientific studies on its medicinal properties are limited.
Care
The Calathea makoyana is generally considered an easy plant to care for. It prefers bright, indirect light and moderate humidity, making it ideal for indoor growing. It should be planted in well-draining soil and watered when the top inch of soil feels dry. Overwatering can lead to root rot, so it's important to avoid allowing the roots to sit in water. Fertilizing every other week during the growing season can help promote healthy growth and vibrant foliage.
Light Requirements
The Calathea makoyana plant requires indirect, bright to medium light. It is best suited for a location with bright, filtered light. Direct sunlight can burn the leaves, causing permanent damage. Therefore, placing the plant near a window with a sheer curtain would be an ideal location.
Temperature Requirements
The Calathea makoyana plant prefers temperatures between 65 and 80 degrees Fahrenheit. Temperatures below 60 degrees Fahrenheit can cause the plant's leaves to wilt and discolor. Extreme temperature fluctuations should also be avoided as it can cause stress to the plant.
Soil Requirements
The Calathea makoyana plant prefers well-drained, moist soil. The soil should have good water retention and should not dry out completely. A mixture of peat moss, perlite, and loam soil would be appropriate for this plant. It should be noted that the Calathea makoyana plant is sensitive to salts, therefore, using distilled water or rainwater is recommended to avoid the salt buildup in the soil.
Cultivation Methods
The Calathea makoyana plant requires bright, indirect light but direct sunlight can damage its leaves. It should be kept in a warm and humid environment, preferably between 18°C to 26°C. The plant also requires well-draining soil that's kept slightly moist during the growing season and shouldn't be allowed to dry out completely. It's essential to maintain good air circulation around the plant to prevent the buildup of fungi and bacteria.
Watering Needs
The watering needs of the Calathea makoyana are unique, and they require attention. The plant likes to be kept in slightly moist soil throughout the growing season, and it shouldn't be allowed to dry out completely. It's essential to keep the water level consistent and not to let the soil become waterlogged. Overwatering the plant can cause root rot, while under watering can lead to drying out of the leaves.
Fertilization
The Calathea makoyana plant needs to be fertilized during the growing season, which is usually from the beginning of spring until the end of summer. A balanced liquid fertilizer that's high in nitrogen should be used once every two weeks. Avoid over-fertilizing the plant as this can cause damage to the leaves.
Pruning
Pruning is an essential practice for Calathea makoyana to maintain its attractive appearance and encourage healthy growth. Remove yellow or brown leaves by cutting them as close to the stem as possible. Deadheading the plant regularly can help remove spent flowers and encourage new growth. In addition, cutting back overgrown stems can help to keep the plant in shape.
Propagation of Calathea makoyana
There are several ways to propagate Calathea Makoyana, including division, stem cutting, and seed propagation. Below is a brief description of each method.
Division
Division is one of the easiest and most common ways to propagate Calathea Makoyana. The best time to divide the plant is during the spring or summer months when the plant is actively growing. Simply separate the parent plant into smaller clumps, ensuring that each clump has at least one healthy shoot and a good root system. Replant the clumps in fresh soil and water thoroughly.
Stem cutting
Another way to propagate Calathea Makoyana is through stem cuttings. Take a stem cutting of around 10-15cm in length, making sure to take it from a healthy mature plant. Remove the leaves from the lower part of the cutting, leaving only two or three leaves at the top. Dip the bottom of the cutting into rooting hormone powder and plant it in a pot filled with a well-draining potting mix. Water thoroughly and keep it in a warm, humid spot until it roots.
Seed propagation
Calathea Makoyana can also be propagated through seeds. However, this method is less commonly used because the seeds are not easily available. If you manage to obtain seeds, soak them for 24 hours to soften the seed coat and improve germination. Sow the seeds in a well-draining potting mix, shallowly covering them with soil, and keep them in warm, humid conditions. Keep the soil moist but not waterlogged. Once the seedlings are a few centimeters tall, transplant them into individual pots.
Disease and Pest Management for Calathea Makoyana
Calathea Makoyana is a popular houseplant that is known for its beautiful foliage. However, like any other plant, it is prone to various diseases and pest infestations. Here are some common diseases and pests that might affect the plant and ways to manage them:
Diseases:
Fungal Leaf Spot: This is a common fungal disease that affects the leaves of Calathea Makoyana, causing brown or black spots on the foliage. To manage this disease, it is essential to remove infected leaves and avoid overhead watering. You can also treat the plant with fungicides.
Root Rot: Overwatering is the main cause of root rot in Calathea Makoyana. The disease causes the roots to rot, leading to wilting and yellowing of the foliage. To manage this disease, it is crucial to ensure proper drainage, reduce watering frequency, and plant the Calathea Makoyana in a well-draining soil mix.
Pests:
Spider Mites: These pests are tiny insects that usually infest the undersides of leaves, causing stippling and yellowing of the foliage. To manage spider mites, it is essential to keep the plant well-hydrated and increase the humidity levels. You can also use insecticidal soap or neem oil to control the infestation.
Mealybugs: These pests are white, fluffy insects that often infest the stems and leaves of Calathea Makoyana, causing stunted growth and yellowing of the foliage. To manage mealybugs, it is crucial to remove the infected parts and treat the plant with insecticidal soap or neem oil.
Scale Insects: These pests are tiny, round insects that usually attach themselves to the stems and leaves of Calathea Makoyana, causing yellowing of the foliage. To manage scale insects, it is crucial to remove the infected parts and treat the plant with insecticidal soap or neem oil.
Thrips: These pests are tiny insects that usually infest the flowers and buds of Calathea Makoyana, causing discoloration and distortion of the foliage. To manage thrips, it is essential to keep the plant well-hydrated and increase the humidity levels. You can also use insecticidal soap or neem oil to control the infestation.
Overall, it is important to regularly inspect your Calathea Makoyana for any signs of diseases or pest infestations. Early detection and swift action can help prevent the spread of these issues and ensure the plant's health.
