Introduction: Cakile edentula (Bigelow) Hook. ssp. edentula var. lacustris Fern.
Cakile edentula (Bigelow) Hook. ssp. edentula var. lacustris Fern. is a plant species belonging to the mustard family, Brassicaceae. The plant is commonly known as American searocket, sea rocket, or sea radish. The plant is native to North America, including the coasts of the Atlantic, Arctic, and Pacific oceans. It is also found in northern Europe and Asia.
Appearance:
The American searocket is a low-growing perennial plant with a taproot system that allows it to survive in sandy, salty soil. The plant grows up to 30 cm tall and has several stems that radiate from the center of the plant. Its leaves are fleshy, round, and lobed, with a shiny surface that reflects light and helps the plant to retain moisture.
The flowers of American searocket are small and white or pale pink in color. They are arranged in a cluster at the end of the stem and bloom from June to September. After flowering, the plant produces a long, thin pod that contains many seeds.
Uses:
American searocket has several uses, particularly for coastal and beach environments. It is used for dune stabilization and beach reclamation projects due to its ability to grow in sandy soil and tolerate saltwater spray. The plant is also used for erosion control and to prevent soil loss on embankments and slopes. Its flowers and leaves are also edible and can be added to salads, or cooked and added to soups.
Overall, the American searocket is a hardy plant that provides a variety of benefits to the coastal environment and can be an attractive addition to gardens or landscapes near the coast.
Light Conditions
Cakile edentula var. lacustris requires full sunlight to grow. It is typically found in coastal areas and beach dunes where there is a lot of natural light intensity. Therefore, it is essential to grow the plant in an area that receives direct sunlight for at least six hours a day.
Temperature
The plant grows in a wide range of temperatures ranging from 10 °C to 30 °C. However, it grows best in temperatures ranging from 18 °C to 27 °C. It can tolerate temperatures as low as -5°C, but prolonged exposure to such temperatures can damage the plant. Therefore, it is important to protect the plant from frost during the winter months.
Soil Requirements
For optimal growth, Cakile edentula var. lacustris requires sandy, well-drained soil with a pH level between 6.5 and 7.5. The plant cannot tolerate poorly-drained soils, and its growth is minimal in heavy clay soils. The soil should be moderately fertile and enriched with organic matter to improve moisture retention.
Cultivation
Cakile edentula (Bigelow) Hook. ssp. edentula var. lacustris Fern. is a salt-tolerant plant that is typically found in sandy or rocky coastal areas. It can also grow in areas with high levels of pollution and disturbed soils. The plant prefers full sun to partial shade and requires well-draining soil. It is best to sow the seeds directly in the soil where the plant is to grow, but it can also be started in containers indoors and then transplanted outside.
Watering Needs
The plant requires moderate watering, especially during the first few months after planting. Once established, however, the plant is drought-tolerant and can survive dry spells without much issue. Overwatering is not recommended, as this plant does not tolerate standing water or waterlogged soils.
Fertilization
Cakile edentula (Bigelow) Hook. ssp. edentula var. lacustris Fern. does not require fertilization, as it is a hardy plant that can thrive in nutrient-poor soils. However, a light application of organic fertilizer during the growing season can encourage blooming and growth in the plant.
Pruning
The plant does not require regular pruning, but deadheading spent blooms can encourage further flowering. Additionally, if the plant is growing in a container, it may need to be pruned to keep it from becoming too leggy or top-heavy. Otherwise, the plant can be left to grow naturally and will require little maintenance.
Propagation of Cakile Edentula (Bigelow) Hook. ssp. edentula var. Lacustris Fern.
Cakile edentula (Bigelow) Hook. ssp. edentula var. lacustris Fern. or more commonly known as American searocket, is a beach-loving plant that can be propagated in various ways.
Seed Propagation
The easiest way to propagate Cakile edentula is through seed propagation. The seeds should be collected from the ripe fruits that have turned brownish. The seeds can be stored in a cool, dry place for up to two years. Before planting, soak the seeds overnight in water to help with germination.
Plant the seeds in well-draining soil and keep them moist until the seeds germinate, which usually takes between 7 to 14 days. Once the seedlings are at least 4 inches tall, they can be transplanted to their permanent location.
Cutting Propagation
Cakile edentula can also be propagated via cuttings. Select healthy stems and cut 4 to 6 inches long from the tip of the plant. Remove the leaves from the bottom of the stem and dip it in rooting hormone powder. Plant the cutting in a container with moist soil and cover it with plastic to maintain humidity. Roots will form in 3 to 4 weeks.
Division Propagation
Another way to propagate Cakile edentula is through division. The plant can be carefully dug up, and the root ball can be divided into sections. Each section should be planted in a well-draining soil mixture and kept moist until it establishes. This method is best done during the early spring or fall when the plant is dormant.
It is important to note that Cakile edentula is a highly adaptable plant and can tolerate a wide range of conditions. The plant can be grown in sandy soils, salty soils, and can even withstand occasional flooding.
Disease Management
It is essential to maintain proper sanitation and hygiene to prevent the occurrence and spread of diseases in Cakile edentula. Some of the common diseases that affect this plant are:
- Root Rot: This disease is caused by various fungi that thrive in wet soil. To manage this disease, ensure that the soil is well-drained, and avoid overwatering the plant. Applying fungicides can also help control the spread of the disease.
- Powdery Mildew: It is a fungal disease that appears as white powdery spots on the leaves. Managing humidity levels and providing good air circulation can help prevent powdery mildew. Applying fungicides can also be helpful to treat the disease.
- Leaf Spot: This disease is caused by fungi and bacteria that appear as dark or brown spots on the leaves. The best way to manage leaf spot is by applying fungicides when the disease is detected.
Pest Management
Cakile edentula is also vulnerable to pest infestations, which can have a significant impact on plant growth and development. Some of the pests that commonly affect this plant are:
- Aphids: These tiny insects suck the sap out of the plant's leaves, causing them to wilt and die. To manage aphids, use insecticidal soap or neem oil to control their population.
- Cabbage Loopers: These caterpillars feed on the leaves, causing holes to develop in them. Handpicking the caterpillars can help manage their population. Applying Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) can also help to control the infestation.
- Spider Mites: These pests suck the sap out of the leaves, causing them to turn yellow and fall off. Raising the humidity levels can help prevent spider mites, as they thrive in dry conditions. Applying a miticide can also help manage the infestation.
In conclusion, disease and pest management are crucial in the cultivation of Cakile edentula. By maintaining good hygiene and using appropriate management techniques, farmers can ensure healthy growth and development of this plant.
