Overview:
Caesalpinia coriaria, also known as Divi-divi, is a deciduous tree belonging to the pea family, Fabaceae. It is native to the Caribbean, Central America, and northern South America but can also be found growing in various parts of the world as it is grown as an ornamental tree.
Appearance:
The Caesalpinia coriaria can grow up to 15 meters tall and has a round and spreading crown. The bark is grayish-brown, with a rough texture, and its leaves are alternately arranged, petiolated, bipinnate, and have numerous linear leaflets that are about 2-4mm broad. The tree produces small yellow flowers in abundant clusters that bloom from February to April and has small fruit pods that are about 1 to 3 inches long.
Common Names:
The Caesalpinia coriaria is known by several common names such as
- Divi-divi
- Nacascol
- Cascalote
- Guamachilillo
Uses:
The bark, seeds, and pods of the Divi-divi tree have been used for various purposes. The tree's bark produces a high concentration of tannins, which are used in the leather industry for tanning hides. The pods and seeds have been used in traditional medicine for their anti-inflammatory and antiseptic properties. Native Americans reportedly used the bark of the tree to treat diarrhea, dysentery, and wounds.
Aside from its medicinal uses, the tree is also used as a source of firewood, and the wood is utilized in the construction of houses and furniture. It is also a popular ornamental tree that is grown in gardens and along roadsides.
Light
Caesalpinia coriaria thrives in full sunlight to partial shade. The plant is adaptable and tolerates a wide range of light conditions but does best in bright sunlight.
Temperature
The plant grows well within a range of temperatures from 20°C to 35°C (68°F to 95°F). It cannot tolerate freezing temperatures and prefers warm, humid environments.
Soil Requirements
C. coriaria grows well in well-drained soil with a pH range of 6.0 to 7.5. Sandy to clay soils are suitable, but the plant prefers soils with high organic matter content. It is drought tolerant and can survive in dry soils, but regular watering is essential to ensure optimal growth.
Cultivation Methods
Caesalpinia coriaria, commonly known as Divi-divi, is a small to medium-sized, deciduous tree that can grow up to a height of 8 meters. This plant grows well in warm, temperate climates and requires partial shade to full sunlight. It can tolerate a wide range of soil conditions, from sandy to clayey, but prefers well-draining soil. The plant prefers a pH level of 5.5 to 7.0.
Watering Needs
During the growing season, Caesalpinia coriaria should be watered regularly to keep the soil evenly moist. However, it is essential to avoid over-watering as it can lead to root rot. Watering should be reduced during the winter months, and the frequency can be increased during the hot, dry season.
Fertilization
Caesalpinia coriaria benefits from fertilization. Fertilize the plant with a balanced slow-release fertilizer during the growing season. Apply compost around the root zone to improve soil fertility and enhance water-holding capacity. To avoid over-fertilization, reduce the amount of fertilizer during the winter months.
Pruning
Caesalpinia coriaria requires pruning to maintain its shape and size. Prune the plant in winter when it is dormant. Remove any dead or diseased wood, as well as any branches that cross or rub against each other. Caution should be taken not to over-prune the plant as it can lead to fewer flowers and fruits.
Propagation of Caesalpinia coriaria (Jacq.) Willd.
Caesalpinia coriaria (Jacq.) Willd. can be propagated through seeds or cuttings.
Propagation through seeds
The seeds of Caesalpinia coriaria are generally sown in the spring season. The seeds can be directly sown in the garden or indoors. However, the germination rate is higher when seeds are soaked in warm water for 24 hours. After soaking, these seeds are sown at a depth of about 1-2 cm in a well-draining soil mix. The soil should be kept moist until the seedlings emerge.
Propagation through cuttings
Caesalpinia coriaria can be propagated through stem cuttings as well. The best time to take cuttings is during the early summer season when the plant is actively growing. Cuttings should be chosen from the upper portion of the stem having 3-4 nodes. The leaves from the lower part of the stem should be removed, and the cutting should be dipped in a rooting hormone before planting it in a well-draining soil mix. The cutting should be kept in warm, humid conditions and should be watered frequently until new growth appears.
Disease and Pest Management for Caesalpinia coriaria
Caesalpinia coriaria, commonly known as divi-divi, is a shrub or small tree that is found mainly in dry and arid regions. It is a valuable plant that is widely used in the leather tanning and textile dyeing industries. Since divi-divi is a commercial plant, controlling diseases and pests is an essential part of its cultivation. Here are some common diseases and pests that might affect the plant and their management strategies:
Diseases
1. Powdery Mildew: This is a fungal disease that appears as a white powdery growth on leaves, stems, and flowers. It can cause wilting, stunting, and premature leaf drop.
Management: Avoid over-fertilization and provide adequate air circulation to reduce humidity. Spray a solution of neem oil, baking soda, and water to control the spread of the disease.
2. Leaf Spot: This is a fungal disease that appears as dark spots or lesions on the leaves. It can cause leaves to turn yellow and drop prematurely.
Management: Remove and destroy infected leaves to slow the spread of the disease. Spray a solution of neem oil, copper fungicide, and water to control the disease.
Pests
1. Scale Insects: These small, oval-shaped insects attach themselves to the leaves, stems, and branches of the plant and feed on its sap. They can cause yellowing, wilting, and leaf drop.
Management: Use a soft brush to gently scrub off the scales. Provide adequate air circulation to reduce humidity. Use natural predators like lacewings or ladybugs to control the infestation.
2. Whiteflies: These tiny, flying insects feed on the undersides of leaves and cause yellowing and wilting.
Management: Introduce natural predators like ladybugs or Encarsia wasps to control the infestation. Use yellow sticky traps to attract and trap the whiteflies.
Managing diseases and pests in Caesalpinia coriaria is essential to maintain a healthy and productive plant. By following these management strategies, you can ensure the longevity and profitability of your divi-divi cultivation.
