Bussea eggelingii Verdc.
Bussea eggelingii Verdc. is a plant species endemic to Tanzania, found in the Uluguru Mountains and Southern Highlands regions, at elevations between 1100 and 2600 meters above sea level. It belongs to the family Celastraceae, a group of about 1000 species of trees, shrubs, and lianas distributed worldwide.
Common names
Bussea eggelingii is commonly known as the Uluguru orange, named in reference to the orange fruits it produces. The plant is also known locally as mfumbe or nongolo.
Uses
Bussea eggelingii has several traditional and medicinal uses among the local communities of Tanzania where it grows. The fruits, which are spherical drupes with a bright orange color, are edible and have a sweet, sour flavor. They are usually consumed raw or used to make jams and jellies. The tree bark has also been used in traditional medicine to treat a variety of ailments, such as diarrhea, stomach problems, and skin infections. In addition, the wood is hard and durable, and can be used for carpentry, tool handles, and fuel.
Appearance
Bussea eggelingii is a small to medium-sized tree, growing up to 15 meters tall with a trunk diameter of up to 50 cm. The tree has a rounded crown with spreading branches. The leaves are simple, alternate, elliptic-lanceolate or obovate-lanceolate, and measure 5 to 15 cm long by 2 to 5 cm wide. They are bright green, glossy, and leathery, with entire margins and a pointed apex. The flowers are small, greenish-white, and borne in axillary clusters. The fruits are spherical drupes, 2 to 3 cm in diameter, with a smooth, glossy, and orange skin that covers a hard, woody endocarp containing one or two seeds.
Light Requirements
Bussea eggelingii Verdc. plant requires bright light to grow well. It thrives in full sun but can tolerate partial shade. It is essential to place the plant at a spot where it gets at least four hours of direct sunlight every day. Insufficient light can cause the plant to become leggy and weak, limiting its growth.
Temperature Requirements
The best temperature for the Bussea eggelingii Verdc. plant to grow in is between 20°C and 30°C. It is essential to maintain constant temperatures for the plant to thrive and grow. Temperatures below 18°C can cause the plant to become dormant and stop growing, while temperatures above 35°C can harm the plant.
Soil Requirements
Bussea eggelingii Verdc. plant prefers well-draining soil that is slightly acidic. It grows best in soil that is rich in organic matter. The soil's pH should range between 5.5 and 6.5 for optimum growth of the plant. The soil should also be aerated, allowing for proper air circulation and root development. Waterlogged soil can lead to root rot and eventually kill the plant.
Cultivation Methods
The Bussea eggelingii Verdc. is a plant that is native to East Africa. It is a shrub that grows up to 3 meters tall. The plant prefers well-draining soil that is rich in organic matter. It does well in full sun to partial shade. It can be propagated from seeds or cuttings.
To cultivate the Bussea eggelingii Verdc., start by preparing the soil by mixing it with compost or organic matter. Plant the seeds or cuttings in well-draining soil and water them regularly. Ensure that the plant receives enough sunlight to promote growth and development.
Watering Needs
The Bussea eggelingii Verdc. requires regular watering to thrive. During the growing season, it should be watered deeply once or twice a week. Ensure that the soil is moist but not waterlogged. During the dormant season, reduce watering to once a month to prevent the plant from rotting. Proper watering will help to keep the plant healthy and vigorous.
Fertilization
The Bussea eggelingii Verdc. benefits from regular fertilization. Use a fertilizer that is rich in phosphorus and potassium to promote healthy growth and flowering. Apply the fertilizer once a month during the growing season. Avoid over-fertilization, which can lead to excessive growth and reduce flowering.
Pruning
The Bussea eggelingii Verdc. requires minimal pruning to keep it healthy. Remove any dead or damaged branches to prevent the spread of disease. Prune the plant in early spring to remove any weak or crossing branches. This will help to promote healthy growth and flowering. Avoid pruning the plant too heavily, as this can reduce flowering and growth.
Propagation of Bussea eggelingii Verdc.
Bussea eggelingii Verdc. is a rare and valuable ornamental plant that is highly sought after by gardeners. It is a relatively fast-growing, hardy plant that can live for several years. To propagate this plant, there are several methods that can be used, including:
Propagation by Seed
One of the easiest and most effective ways to propagate Bussea eggelingii Verdc. is through seed propagation. The seeds can be harvested and sown in well-draining soil. Seed germination usually occurs within a few weeks, and the seedlings can be transplanted once they have become established.
Propagation by Cuttings
Bussea eggelingii Verdc. can also be propagated by cuttings. The cuttings should be taken from healthy, established plants and should include at least one node. They should be planted in well-draining soil, and kept in a warm, humid environment until they have established roots. Once the cuttings have rooted, they can be transplanted to their permanent location.
Propagation by Division
Propagation of Bussea eggelingii Verdc. can also be done by division. This method involves dividing the root ball of an established plant into several smaller sections, each of which can be replanted to produce a new plant. Division is best done in the spring when the plant is actively growing. Each division should have at least one healthy stem and root system.
Regardless of the propagation method used, it is important to provide the right growing conditions to ensure that the plant grows healthy and strong. Bussea eggelingii Verdc. thrives in well-draining soil and requires moderate watering.
Disease and Pest Management for Bussea eggelingii Verdc.
Bussea eggelingii Verdc. is an African shrub that is generally resistant to most diseases and pests. However, with certain conditions, some diseases and pests may affect the plant. Effective disease and pest management strategies can help to control and prevent infestations.
Common diseases
The following are some common diseases that may affect Bussea eggelingii Verdc.:
- Leaf spot disease: This fungal disease causes brownish-black spots on the leaves. To manage it, prune away affected leaves, avoid overhead watering, and apply a fungicide.
- Anthracnose: This fungal disease causes wilting of the leaves. Infected plants should be removed, and the soil around the affected plant should be disinfected.
Common pests
The following are some common pests that may affect Bussea eggelingii Verdc.:
- Spider mites: These are tiny pests that feed on the plant sap, causing leaves to appear speckled and yellowish. To manage them, apply a miticide, reduce dust levels, and increase the humidity levels around the plant.
- Scale insects: These pests are small, immobile, and feed on the plant sap, causing the leaves to wither. To manage them, use a soft brush to remove the scales, apply an insecticidal soap, and ensure adequate watering.
Preventive measures
Prevention is better than cure. To prevent diseases and pests from affecting Bussea eggelingii Verdc., it is important to adopt the following preventive measures:
- Ensure proper watering, as overwatering can cause root rot and attract pests.
- Regularly prune and dispose of dead leaves and branches.
- Inspect new plants before bringing them into your garden.
- Use clean tools and soil when planting.
- Use organic pesticides and fertilizers.
By following these disease and pest management strategies, you can prevent and control any diseases and pests thereby enjoying a healthy garden with Bussea eggelingii Verdc. plant.
