Introduction
Bursera microphylla Gray, also known as the Small-Leaved Elephant Tree, is a tree species native to the Sonoran and Chihuahuan Deserts in Mexico and the United States. It belongs to the Burseraceae family, which includes frankincense and myrrh incense trees.Common Names
Apart from Small-Leaved Elephant Tree, Bursera microphylla Gray also goes by the names of Palosanto, Palo Santo, and Incense Tree due to its aromatic resin.Appearance
Bursera microphylla Gray is a deciduous tree that can grow up to 26 feet tall and has a crown spread of 16 feet. The bark of the tree is grayish, with peeling layers that reveal a reddish-brown color beneath. The tree's trunk and branches are covered with small spines and produce a fragrant, whitish-yellow sap when cut. The leaves are green, small, and with obovate shape, measuring about 0.2 to 0.4 inches in length.Uses
The fragrant resin produced by Bursera microphylla Gray has been traditionally used for medicinal and spiritual purposes by indigenous communities. The resin can be burned as incense or made into tea, which is said to have anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antimicrobial properties. Additionally, the bark of the tree can be used to create a yellow-brown dye for textiles. In landscaping, the tree is often planted for its ornamental value due to its attractive appearance and ability to adapt to arid environments.Light Requirements
Bursera microphylla Gray, commonly known as the Elephant Tree, is a native desert tree that thrives in bright sunlight conditions and can also tolerate partial shade. It requires a minimum of six hours of direct sunlight for healthy growth and development. Therefore, it is preferable to plant it in open and sunny areas where it can receive adequate amounts of sunlight.
Temperature Requirements
This plant species is well adapted to desert environments and can tolerate a wide range of temperatures. However, it thrives best in warm temperature conditions, ranging from 70°F to 90°F. Frost is not suitable for this plant, and the temperature should not drop below 30°F. In areas with harsh winters, it is advisable to protect the plant with a cover or grow it in a greenhouse.
Soil Requirements
Bursera microphylla Gray prefers well-draining soil that is slightly alkaline and nutrient-rich. The soil should be well aerated to prevent waterlogging, which can cause root rot. Therefore, it is necessary to amend heavy soil with sand and organic matter to improve soil drainage. This plant also grows well in rocky and sandy soils as these types of soils provide sufficient aeration and drainage.
Cultivation of Bursera microphylla Gray
Bursera microphylla Gray is a slow-growing desert tree that grows best in well-draining soil. It prefers full sun and is tolerant of hot, dry conditions.
Watering Needs of Bursera microphylla Gray
Bursera microphylla Gray is drought-tolerant once established and should be watered sparingly. The tree should be watered deeply but infrequently, allowing the soil to dry out completely between waterings.
Fertilization of Bursera microphylla Gray
Bursera microphylla Gray is adapted to survive in low-nutrient soils and does not require regular fertilization. However, an application of a slow-release fertilizer during the growing season can help boost growth.
Pruning of Bursera microphylla Gray
Bursera microphylla Gray requires little to no pruning to maintain its attractive, natural form. However, it can be pruned lightly in the late winter or early spring to remove any dead or damaged branches and maintain the overall size and shape of the tree.
Propagation of Bursera microphylla Gray
Bursera microphylla Gray, commonly known as little-leaf elephant tree, is a slow-growing, drought-tolerant plant that is native to the southwestern United States and northern Mexico. Propagation of this plant can be done both by seed and by vegetative cuttings. Here are the propagation methods:
Propagation by seed
To propagate Bursera microphylla Gray by seed, the fruits of the plant should be collected when they are ripe, which is typically in the fall. The fruit is green when it first starts growing and then turns red when it is ripe. Once the fruits are collected, they must be cleaned and the seeds separated. Seeds should be soaked overnight in warm water to help loosen any remaining fruit flesh.
The seeds should then be planted in a well-draining potting mix, barely covered with soil, and kept moist until they germinate. Germination can take anywhere from 2 to 6 weeks, and the seedlings should be kept in a warm, brightly lit area to encourage growth. Once the seedlings have developed a few true leaves, they can be transplanted into individual containers or into the ground.
Propagation by vegetative cuttings
Propagation of Bursera microphylla Gray by vegetative cuttings is a more reliable method than propagation by seed, and it allows for the reproduction of plants with the same genetic characteristics as the parent plant. Vegetative cuttings should be taken from the current year's growth in the summer or fall.
The cuttings should be approximately 6 inches long and cut at a 45-degree angle just below a node. Remove the lower leaves and any flowers or fruit from the cuttings. Dip the cut end in rooting hormone and plant it in a well-draining medium, such as sand or perlite. Water the cuttings well and cover them with a plastic bag to maintain humidity.
The cuttings should be kept in a warm, bright, and humid place until roots have formed after around 2-3 months. Transplant them into individual pots or into the ground.
Disease and Pest Management for Bursera microphylla Gray
Bursera microphylla Gray is a robust and hardy plant famous for its high tolerance to drought, making it a perfect landscaping addition for arid gardens. However, it does face several pest and disease challenges that gardeners need to be aware of and manage.
Common Diseases
One of the most common diseases that affect Bursera microphylla Gray is leaf spot. It is caused by fungal infections that occur when the plant is stressed or injured. The disease usually starts as small, yellow or brown spots that enlarge over time, leading to the leaves' yellowing and falling. To manage this disease, gardeners should maintain proper plant hygiene, avoiding overhead watering, and removing infected leaves immediately. In severe cases, fungicides may also help manage the disease.
Another common disease that affects Bursera microphylla Gray is powdery mildew. This is a fungal infection that presents as a white or gray powdery substance on the leaves. The fungal infection thrives in humid conditions, and gardeners should, therefore, avoid overhead watering and provide adequate ventilation. Fungicides are also available for managing the disease.
Common Pests
Aphids and spider mites are common pests that affect Bursera microphylla Gray. Aphids feed on the plant's sap and can cause the leaves to wilt and curl over time. Spider mites, on the other hand, infest the underside of the leaves, causing yellowing and browning of the leaves. Gardeners can manage these pests by maintaining proper plant hygiene, washing infested leaves with soap and water, and regular application of insecticides.
Caterpillars are another common pest that can cause significant damage to Bursera microphylla Gray. These pests feed on the leaves, resulting in unsightly holes and damaged foliage. Gardeners can prevent caterpillars from infesting the plant by handpicking and applying insecticides as necessary.
Conclusion
Managing pests and diseases is critical for maintaining the lush and vibrant appearance of Bursera microphylla Gray. Gardeners must maintain proper plant hygiene and regularly inspect the plant for signs of infestation or infection. Swift action and early management can limit the damage caused by pests and diseases, consequently, improving the plant's overall health and aesthetics.
