Overview
Bulbophyllum cochleatum Lindl. var. gravidum (Lindl.) J.J.Verm. is a species of orchid native to Southeast Asia. It is a stunning epiphytic plant that belongs to the Orchidaceae family.
Appearance
The plant has a very unique appearance, with its large and bulbous pseudo bulbs that grow about 2-4 cm in length and are often covered in a reddish-brown color. Its leaves grow up to a length of 8 cm, and are stout and leathery, making it easy to identify. The flowers of B. cochleatum Lindl. var. gravidum are fascinating and are shaped like a suction cup, about 9 cm wide and come in yellow-green or cream to pale green colors, with red-tinted petals making it an impressive orchid.
Origin and Distribution
B. cochleatum Lindl. var. gravidum is native to the Himalayas, the Indian Subcontinent, Myanmar, Thailand, and Malaysia. It is commonly found growing in rainforests, typically at elevations ranging from 400 to 1500 meters above sea level.
Common Names
B. cochleatum Lindl. var. gravidum is commonly known as the 'Suction Cup Bulbophyllum,' or 'The Reddish-Brown Bulbophyllum.'
Uses
In Southeast Asia, the leaves and pseudobulbs of B. cochleatum Lindl. var. gravidum are used as ingredients in traditional medicine. It is believed to have diuretic, anti-tumor, and anti-inflammatory properties. In addition, the plant is also cultivated as an ornamental plant for its distinct and gorgeous appearance.
Typical Growth Conditions for Bulbophyllum Cochleatum Lindl. var. Gravidum (Lindl.) J.J.Verm.
Bulbophyllum cochleatum Lindl. var. gravidum (Lindl.) J.J.Verm. is a species of orchid native to Southeast Asia and Papua New Guinea. To ensure optimal growth and healthy development of this plant, several growth conditions need to be considered.
Light Requirements
Bulbophyllum cochleatum Lindl. var. gravidum (Lindl.) J.J.Verm. thrives best under moderate to bright indirect light. Direct exposure to sunlight can scorch the leaves leading to irreparable damage. Therefore, it is better if the plant is placed in a location where it receives indirect sunlight or partial shade throughout the day.
Temperature Requirements
This species grows well at a temperature range of 20-28°C during the day and 15-20°C during the night. The plant should be protected from extreme temperatures below 10°C and above 35°C, which can cause damage to the plant. This calls for the need to grow Bulbophyllum cochleatum Lindl. var. gravidum (Lindl.) J.J.Verm. in a climate-controlled environment such as a greenhouse.
Soil Requirements
Bulbophyllum cochleatum Lindl. var. gravidum (Lindl.) J.J.Verm. does not require soil to grow as it is a epiphytic orchid. Instead, it grows well when attached to substrates like tree trunks or rocks. A mixture of medium-grade bark, sphagnum moss, and perlite can be used as a potting mix. The substrate should be well-drained and capable of holding moisture without becoming waterlogged.
Humidity Requirements
It is necessary to maintain humidity levels between 50%-70% to promote leaf health and development of Bulbophyllum cochleatum Lindl. var. gravidum (Lindl.) J.J.Verm. To achieve this, the plant can be misted regularly or grown in a humid environment. However, care should be taken to avoid water droplets on the leaves as it can cause fungal infections.
Fertilizer Requirements
The use of a balanced fertilizer high in nitrogen during the growing season stimulates the growth of Bulbophyllum cochleatum Lindl. var. gravidum (Lindl.) J.J.Verm.. Fertilize once every two weeks or as needed. However, it is essential to avoid over-fertilization as it can induce damage.
Cultivation
Bulbophyllum cochleatum Lindl. var. gravidum (Lindl.) J.J.Verm. is a delicate orchid plant that requires a suitable environment to grow. It thrives well in a bright, humid, and warm environment. The plant forms pseudobulbs, which store water and nutrients for future use. Hence, it's crucial to care for the pseudobulbs and ensure they remain hydrated.
Watering needs
Overwatering is one of the significant risks for this plant. Watering the plant once a week is sufficient, though it's crucial to know when to water. Check the soil and water the plant when the soil is relatively dry. Alternatively, poke your finger into the soil, and if it comes out dry, water the plant. However, avoid watering the leaves and only pour water near the roots. Also, ensure that the pot has proper drainage to prevent waterlogging.
Fertilization
Regular fertilization helps boost the plant's growth. Feeding the plant with a balanced fertilizer solution every two weeks during the growing season (spring and summer) is ideal. However, reduce the frequency of feeding during the dormant season (fall and winter) to once every month. Alternatively, use slow-release fertilizers that can last for several months. Ensure you dilute the fertilizer solution as recommended to prevent burning of the roots.
Pruning
Pruning is necessary to maintain the plant's size and shape. Remove dead, yellow, or discolored leaves, as they can spread diseases or attract pests. Also, trim the plant's roots if they are overgrown, and repot the plant in fresh soil. Moreover, remove flower stalks after blooming to encourage new growth.
Propagation of Bulbophyllum cochleatum Lindl. var. gravidum
Bulbophyllum cochleatum Lindl. var. gravidum can be propagated through various methods including:
Division
Division of the mature plants is an excellent way to propagate Bulbophyllum cochleatum Lindl. var. gravidum. It involves separating the bulbs and planting them in individual pots. Ensure that each new pot has enough moisture, light, and nutrients, and keep them in a warm, humid location to enhance growth.
Back bulbs
Back bulbs are older bulbs that have stopped flowering. They can be used to propagate a new plant. Separate the back bulbs from the main plant, ensure that each back bulb has at least one growing shoot, and plant them in individual pots. It is essential to keep the back bulbs moist, warm and in low lighting conditions until the shoots have matured.
Keiki paste
Keiki paste is a hormone gel that stimulates the development of new growth from the nodes of a Bulbophyllum cochleatum Lindl. var. gravidum. Apply a small amount of keiki paste to the node and cover it using plastic wrap. Within 2-3 weeks, new growth should emerge, and it is time to transplant into a new pot.
Tissue culture
Tissue culture is a method of propagating Bulbophyllum cochleatum Lindl. var. gravidum using specialized techniques. It requires plant tissue to be cultured in a laboratory under sterile and controlled conditions. This method is more technical than others, and it requires access to a laboratory and specialized equipment.
Disease and Pest Management for Bulbophyllum cochleatum Lindl. var. gravidum (Lindl.) J.J.Verm.
Bulbophyllum cochleatum Lindl. var. gravidum (Lindl.) J.J.Verm. is a type of orchid that is susceptible to various diseases and pests. Proper disease and pest management practices can help keep the plant healthy and thriving.
Common Diseases
Bacterial and fungal infections are the most common diseases that affect this plant. Symptoms of these infections include yellowing or blackening of leaves, wilting, and discoloration of flowers.
To manage bacterial and fungal infections, it is crucial to keep the plant clean and dry. Remove any infected parts of the plant immediately and dispose of them properly. Make sure not to overwater the plant, as excess moisture can lead to the growth of bacterial and fungal organisms. You can also use a fungicidal or bactericidal spray to help eliminate the infections.
Common Pests
Some of the common pests that can affect Bulbophyllum cochleatum Lindl. var. gravidum (Lindl.) J.J.Verm. include spider mites, thrips, and mealybugs. These pests feed on the leaves and flowers of the plant, which can cause wilting, discoloration, and stunted growth.
To manage these pests, it is important to inspect the plant regularly for signs of infestation. If you notice any pests, isolate the plant and remove all parts of the plant that are affected. You can also use insecticidal soaps or oils to help eliminate the pests. Additionally, maintaining a clean and dry growing environment can help prevent infestations from occurring in the first place.
Implementing proper disease and pest management practices can help keep Bulbophyllum cochleatum Lindl. var. gravidum (Lindl.) J.J.Verm. healthy and flourishing.
