Origin
Buellia microbola (Tuck. ex Fink) Sheard is a lichen species that is native to Canada and the eastern United States, including the Appalachian Mountains.
Common Names
Common names for Buellia microbola include "crater lichen," "pebble lichen," and "rock shield lichen."
Appearance
Buellia microbola is a crustose lichen that grows on rocks, gravestones, and other hard surfaces. The thallus, or main body of the lichen, is gray or brownish-gray and has a rough, pebble-like texture. The apothecia, which are the reproductive structures, are small and black and are often sunken into the thallus, giving the lichen a craters or shield-like appearance.
Uses
Buellia microbola does not have any significant practical uses, but it is often studied by scientists as an indicator of air pollution levels. Because lichens are very sensitive to changes in air quality, their presence or absence can be used to assess environmental conditions. Additionally, some species of lichens, including Buellia microbola, have been shown to produce compounds with anti-inflammatory and antibacterial properties that may have potential medicinal applications.
Growth Conditions for Buellia microbola (Tuck. ex Fink) Sheard
When it comes to the growth conditions of Buellia microbola, several factors come into play. They include light, temperature, and soil requirements, which are discussed below.
Light Requirements
Buellia microbola thrives in moderate to high light conditions. As such, it's essential to place the plant in an area where it can receive sufficient sunlight. However, too much heat and direct sunlight can damage the plant's foliage, especially during the summer. Ideally, partial shade during the intense sun rays is preferable.
Temperature Requirements
The ideal temperature range for Buellia microbola growth is between 20°C to 25°C (68°F to 77°F). The plant can tolerate a wide range of temperatures, but frost conditions and freezing temperatures are detrimental to its health. During the winter, it's recommended to add some form of insulation to the plant's container to protect it from the cold. In the summer, ensure the temperature isn't too high to avoid leaf scorching and wilting.
Soil Requirements
Buellia microbola thrives in well-draining soils. The soil should be moderately fertile with a slightly acidic to neutral pH range of 6.5 to 7. The plant requires sufficient moisture, but overwatering can cause root rot. It's therefore essential to avoid waterlogging the soil. The use of a potting mix rich in compost, bark chips, coco coir, or any other organic material can aid in water retention and soil aeration.
Finally, it's worth noting that Buellia microbola growth conditions will also depend on the geographical location and climatic conditions. For indoor plants, maintaining a constant microclimate with controlled light, temperature, and humidity using various equipment like grow lights and humidity domes can simulate their native natural environment creating the appropriate growth conditions for the plant.
Cultivation Methods for Buellia Microbola
Buellia microbola can be grown both indoors and outdoors and is relatively easy to cultivate. The plant prefers well-drained soil with a neutral to slightly acidic pH level. A mixture of potting soil and coarse sand can be used for planting in containers. If planting outdoors, ensure the spot has good drainage and plenty of sunlight.
Watering Needs for Buellia Microbola
The plant requires moderate watering, about once a week during the growing season. Allow the soil to dry out slightly before watering the plant again. Overwatering can lead to root rot and other fungal diseases. During the dormant season, water the plant sparingly but ensure the soil does not fully dry out.
Fertilization for Buellia Microbola
Buellia microbola does not require much fertilizer. A light application of a balanced, slow-release fertilizer once a year, in early spring, can help promote growth. When using fertilizer, avoid getting it directly on the plant's foliage or stems as it can burn the plant.
Pruning for Buellia Microbola
Buellia microbola does not require much pruning. Remove any dead, damaged, or diseased branches as soon as they are spotted. Prune the plant to control its shape in early spring before new growth appears. To promote bushier growth, pinch back the tips of the plant after blooming. Avoid pruning the plant heavily as it can impact its blooming.
Propagation of Buellia microbola
Buellia microbola, commonly known as the disco lichen, can be propagated through various methods. Lichens reproduce asexually, and the fungal and algal partners produce propagules separately that come together to form new lichens.
Soredia propagation
Soredia are small, green vegetative structures that contain both fungal and algal cells that can break off from the parent lichen and grow into new individuals. To propagate Buellia microbola using soredia, gently collect the lichen and place it in a plastic bag. Shake the bag gently to dislodge the soredia from the lichen and sprinkle them onto a suitable substrate, such as bark, rocks, or soil, in a location with appropriate environmental conditions.
Fragmentation propagation
Buellia microbola also propagates through fragmentation. The lichen may break off into fragments due to natural causes or human activities. These fragments can develop into new lichens if the environmental conditions are suitable. To propagate Buellia microbola through fragmentation, collect a fragment of the lichen and place it on a suitable substrate in a location with appropriate environmental conditions. Keep the substrate moist until the fragment has established itself and can survive on its own.
Culture propagation
Another way to propagate Buellia microbola is through culture propagation. This method involves isolating the fungal and algal partners of the lichen and growing them separately in culture. The fungal partner can be cultured on agar media, while the algal partner can be cultured in liquid media. Once both partners have been cultured, they can be mixed together to form a new lichen. This method requires specialized equipment and expertise, and is mostly used in research settings.
Disease Management
Buellia microbola is generally a disease-resistant plant, but it can occasionally fall prey to a few diseases. Here are some common diseases that might affect the plant and strategies to manage them:
Anthracnose
Anthracnose is a fungal disease that causes brown or black spots on the leaves. It can lead to leaf drop in severe cases. To manage anthracnose in Buellia microbola, start by removing any infected leaves and branches. Additionally, avoid overhead watering, as splashing water can spread the fungal spores. Apply a fungicide recommended for anthracnose on the plant.
Root Rot
Excess water or poor drainage can lead to root rot, a fungal disease that affects the roots and causes them to decay. Signs of root rot include wilting, yellowing leaves, and stunted growth. The best way to manage root rot is by preventing it in the first place. Ensure that the plant's soil is well-draining and not too wet. If root rot has already set in, remove any infected roots and repot the plant in fresh, clean soil.
Pest Management
Like most plants, Buellia microbola is also susceptible to pest infestations, which can damage the plant and hamper its growth. Here are some common pests that might infect the plant and ways to manage them:
Spider Mites
Spider mites are tiny pests that can damage the leaves and cause them to turn yellow or brown. They are hard to spot, but you can usually see their webs. To manage spider mites, wash the plant with water or spray it with insecticidal soap. Regularly check the plant for any signs of spider mites and take quick action if an infestation is detected.
Aphids
Aphids are small, soft-bodied insects that suck the sap of the plant, causing curling or distorted leaves. To manage aphids, spray the plant with a strong stream of water, which can dislodge the insects. Alternatively, you can apply insecticidal soap or oil to the plant to kill the aphids.
Regular monitoring of Buellia microbola will help keep the plant healthy, and timely identification and management of pests and diseases will help prevent significant damage.
