Overview
Buchholzia engleri Gilg is a shrub or small tree found in West and Central Africa. The plant is popularly known as Nkabom in the Akan language of Ghana, and the seeds are commonly referred to as Jamaican pepper.
General Appearance
The plant grows up to 6 meters in height and has a brownish-grey bark. The leaves are dark green and elongated, measuring up to 20 cm in length. The plant produces small yellow flowers, which mature into clusters of grape-sized fruits.
Uses
Buchholzia engleri Gilg has a variety of uses. The seeds and leaves have been traditionally used for medicinal purposes to treat ailments such as stomach ache, epilepsy, and respiratory infections. The oil extracted from the seeds contains anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties and is used in pharmaceuticals and cosmetics. The seeds are also a popular spice, commonly used in West African and Jamaican cuisine as a substitute for black pepper.
In addition to its medicinal and culinary uses, the plant is also used for pesticidal purposes and as a source of firewood and timber.
Cultivation
Buchholzia engleri Gilg is highly adaptable and can withstand harsh environmental conditions. It can be grown from seed or by vegetative propagation and thrives in well-drained soils in areas with high rainfall and abundant sunshine. The plant's high oil content allows for easy extraction, making it a great crop for industrialization purposes.
Light Conditions:
Buchholzia engleri Gilg thrives best in full or partial sunlight. Therefore, it is essential to grow this plant in areas where it can get adequate exposure to sunlight. Insufficient light exposure can stunt its growth and affect its overall health.
Temperature Requirements:
The optimal temperature range for the growth of Buchholzia engleri Gilg is between 20°C and 30°C. This plant can tolerate a wide range of temperature fluctuations, but extreme temperatures could damage the plant's growth and cause adverse effects.
Soil Requirements:
Buchholzia engleri Gilg prefers well-draining soils with a slightly acidic to neutral pH level. It thrives in loamy or sandy soils that are rich in organic matter. Also, ensure that the soil is moist but not waterlogged, as this can cause root rot and damage the plant's growth.
Cultivation of Buchholzia engleri Gilg
Buchholzia engleri Gilg is a plant species commonly cultivated in Nigeria, Cameroon, and other West African countries. The plant is hardy and easy to grow, making it an ideal choice for both commercial and subsistence farmers.
The cultivation of Buchholzia engleri Gilg involves several steps, starting with the preparation of the soil. The plant requires well-drained soils that are rich in organic matter. It grows best in loamy or sandy loam soils with a pH of between 6.0 and 7.5.
Before planting, it is advisable to incorporate organic matter such as compost or dried manure into the soil. This helps to improve soil fertility and increase water-holding capacity, thereby promoting healthy plant growth.
Watering Needs
Buchholzia engleri Gilg requires regular watering, especially during the early stages of growth. However, excessive watering should be avoided as it can lead to root rot and other diseases.
The frequency of watering depends on the prevailing weather conditions. During the dry season, the plant may require watering every two to three days. In contrast, during the rainy season, natural rainfall may provide sufficient water for the plant.
Fertilization
Fertilization is an essential aspect of Buchholzia engleri Gilg cultivation. It helps to promote healthy plant growth, increase yields, and improve the quality of the produce.
The type of fertilizer and the application rate depend on the soil fertility level. Nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium are the primary macronutrients required by the plant. Therefore, fertilizers with a high NPK ratio, such as 15:15:15, are recommended.
The first application of fertilizer should be done two weeks after planting. Subsequently, fertilizer should be applied every six weeks until the plant reaches maturity.
Pruning
Pruning is an essential management practice in Buchholzia engleri Gilg cultivation. It helps to stimulate new growth, improve air circulation, and manage pests and diseases.
The best time to prune the plant is during the dry season. The first pruning should be done four to six months after planting.
The aim of pruning is to remove dead or diseased branches, as well as any branches that are rubbing against each other or growing into undesirable directions. The branches that should be pruned are those that are growing downward towards the soil as they can cause fungal infections or affect the quality of the produce.
Pruning should be done with sharp and sterile tools to prevent the spread of diseases. The cuts should be made at an angle, just above a healthy bud.
Propagation of Buchholzia engleri Gilg
Buchholzia engleri Gilg, commonly known as the purple pear, is a small evergreen tree indigenous to the West African region. The plant is popular for its pear-shaped fruits which are edible and used in the preparation of various local dishes. Propagation of the plant can be done through the following methods:
Seed propagation
Seed propagation is the most common method of propagating Buchholzia engleri Gilg. The seeds of the plant are harvested when fully matured and dried under shade before planting. The seeds are sown directly into the soil or transplanted into pots filled with loamy soil. It is important to keep the soil consistently moist to ensure germination. Germination usually occurs within 4-6 weeks.
Cutting propagation
Cutting propagation of Buchholzia engleri Gilg involves taking cuttings from matured trees of the plant and allowing them to root in a suitable medium. The cuttings should be at least 6 inches long and free of diseases. Once cut, the base of the cuttings is dipped into rooting hormone and planted in a medium that allows for aeration and drainage. Regular misting is important to prevent the cuttings from drying out. Rooting usually occurs within 2-4 weeks.
Air layering
Air layering is a simple but effective propagation method for Buchholzia engleri Gilg. It involves making a small incision on a low hanging branch of the plant and wrapping the wounded area with moist sphagnum moss. The moss is covered with a plastic bag to promote humidity and growth. Once roots have formed, the plastic covering is removed, and the new plant is severed from the parent plant and planted in a suitable medium.
Disease and Pest Management of Buchholzia engleri Gilg
Buchholzia engleri Gilg, commonly known as "Wonderful Kola," is a medicinal plant that has numerous health benefits. However, the plant is susceptible to various diseases and pests that can reduce its productivity and even lead to death if not managed properly.
Common Diseases
Leaf Spot Disease: Leaf spot disease is a fungal disease that affects the plant's leaves, resulting in the appearance of small, circular spots on the leaves. The spots gradually enlarge and merge, causing the leaves to wither and die. To manage this disease, it is essential to ensure the plant is grown in well-drained soil and provide adequate air circulation and sunlight. Additionally, infected leaves should be removed and destroyed immediately to prevent the disease from spreading.
Root Rot: Root rot is a fungal disease that causes the plant's roots to rot, leading to stunted growth, wilting, and death in severe cases. This disease thrives in poorly drained soil and waterlogged conditions. To prevent root rot, it's essential to ensure the plant is grown in well-drained soil, water the plant only when necessary, and avoid over-fertilization.
Common Pests
Spider Mites: Spider mites are tiny pests that feed on the plant's leaves, causing the leaves to appear mottled and yellow. Severe infestations can cause defoliation and eventual death. To manage spider mites, spray the plant with a mixture of neem oil and water or a strong stream of water to dislodge the pests.
Scale Insects: Scale insects are another common pest that affects the plant. They feed on the plant's sap, causing yellowing, wilting, and eventual death. To manage scale insects, use insecticidal soap or neem oil to suffocate the pests. Additionally, prune the affected parts of the plant and destroy them to prevent the spread of the pests.
In conclusion, managing diseases and pests in Buchholzia engleri Gilg is essential to maximize productivity and ensure plant survival. Early detection and prompt management can help prevent the spread of diseases and pests and keep the plant healthy.
