Overview
Bridelia scleroneura Müll.Arg. subsp. angolensis (Welw. ex Müll.Arg.) Radcl.-Sm. is a plant species that belongs to the family Phyllanthaceae. The plant can be found in several regions across Africa, including Angola, Cameroon, Mozambique, Tanzania, and Zimbabwe.Common Names
The plant is commonly known as Mutenje, Mutenje-banga, Mukenge, Mutorwe, or Bommela tree in different regions and languages.Appearance
Bridelia scleroneura Müll.Arg. subsp. angolensis is a small, deciduous tree that can grow up to 5-12 m in height. The tree has a rounded to spreading crown and a trunk that can reach up to 60 cm in diameter. The bark of the tree is smooth, gray-brown when young, but becomes rough and scaly as the tree matures. The leaves of Bridelia scleroneura Müll.Arg. subsp. angolensis are simple, alternate, and ovate in shape. The leaves are glossy, and their size ranges from 8-25 cm in length and 5-17 cm in width. The tree produces small, greenish-white flowers, which appear in the leaf axils and bloom from September to October. The fruit of the tree is a small, ovoid drupe, which is reddish-brown and up to 1.5 cm in diameter.Uses
Bridelia scleroneura Müll.Arg. subsp. angolensis has several uses in traditional medicine. The bark and root of the tree are used to treat various ailments, including diarrhea, dysentery, gonorrhea, and syphilis. The leaves are used to treat wounds, ulcers, and stomach complaints. In addition to medicinal uses, the tree is also used for fuelwood, charcoal, and as a shade tree in agroforestry systems. The bark of the tree is a source of tannins used in leather tanning. The wood of the tree is hard and durable and is used for making tool handles, furniture, and construction. In conclusion, Bridelia scleroneura Müll.Arg. subsp. angolensis is a valuable plant species that plays a significant role in the ecosystem and human well-being in various regions of Africa.hereLight Requirements
The Bridelia scleroneura subsp. angolensis plant prefers to grow under partial or full sunlight exposure. It can grow well in semi-shaded areas or in full sun with no adverse effects on its growth. The plant requires at least four hours of sunlight exposure to remain healthy and produce mature foliage and fruits.
Temperature Requirements
Bridelia scleroneura subsp. angolensis grows well in warm and hot climatic conditions. The ideal temperature range for the plant is between 25°C and 35°C. The plant can tolerate temperature fluctuations between 20°C and 40°C, but it may affect its growth and fruit production. The plant can grow well in areas with a minimum temperature of 15°C.
Soil Requirements
The Bridelia scleroneura subsp. angolensis plant grows well in well-drained, sandy loam or sandy soils. The soil should be rich in organic matter and have a pH range of 6.5 to 7.5. The plant prefers slightly acidic to neutral soils that are not compacted, and with good water retention and drainage capacity. The plant can grow well in areas with low soil fertility, but it requires regular fertilization to maintain optimal growth and fruit production.
Cultivation methods for Bridelia scleroneura Müll.Arg. subsp. angolensis
Bridelia scleroneura Müll.Arg. subsp. angolensis (Welw. ex Müll.Arg.) Radcl.-Sm. is a wonderful plant that can flourish well in warm and humid conditions. It requires bright light, but you should avoid direct sunlight, which can scorch the leaves. When choosing a location for the plant, make sure to select a spot with good air circulation, and ensure that the temperature remains above 60°F (15°C) all year round.
Watering needs of Bridelia scleroneura Müll.Arg. subsp. angolensis
You should be careful not to over-water this plant, as it is susceptible to root rot. Water the plant only when the topsoil feels dry to the touch, and provide adequate drainage to prevent waterlogging. During the growing season, you should water the plant consistently, while during the winter, you should reduce the frequency of watering to avoid waterlogging.
Fertilization tips for Bridelia scleroneura Müll.Arg. subsp. angolensis
Bridelia scleroneura Müll.Arg. subsp. angolensis requires regular fertilization for optimal growth and development. For best results, use a balanced, water-soluble fertilizer every two weeks during the growing season. During the winter, reduce the frequency of fertilization to once a month. Always err on the side of caution and avoid over-fertilization, as this can damage the plant.
Pruning techniques for Bridelia scleroneura Müll.Arg. subsp. angolensis
Bridelia scleroneura Müll.Arg. subsp. angolensis does not require extensive pruning, but it may benefit from occasional trimming to control its size and shape. Prune the plant in the spring season when it is actively growing. Use sharp, clean shears to make clean cuts and avoid damaging the plant. Remove any dead, damaged, or diseased branches as soon as they appear. Also, prune to create a desirable shape or structure.
Propagation of Bridelia scleroneura Müll.Arg. subsp. angolensis
Bridelia scleroneura Müll.Arg. subsp. angolensis (Welw. ex Müll.Arg.) Radcl.-Sm. can be propagated by both seed and cuttings. However, seed propagation is more affordable and practical. Here are the two methods of propagating Bridelia scleroneura:
Propagation by Seed
The first step in seed propagation is to collect ripe seeds from the plant. These seeds should be cleaned and dried properly to remove any debris or moisture. After that, the seeds can be stored in a cool and dry place until they are ready to use.
The next step is sowing. Sow the seeds in well-draining soil, and ensure that the seeds are not buried too deep. Depending on the climatic conditions, the seeds will germinate within a few weeks. After germination, the plants can be transplanted into individual pots for further growth.
Propagation by Cuttings
The best time to take cuttings is during the spring season. The cuttings should be about 10-12 cm in length, and should be taken from healthy plants. Cuttings should preferably be taken from the plant's upper portion which has tender and green stems.
The cutting should be dipped in a rooting hormone to encourage healthy root formations. Afterward, it should be planted in well-draining soil, and regularly watered to ensure adequate moisture. The cutting should be kept in a warm, humid environment and should be protected from direct sunlight until it develops roots. Once the new plant has developed a strong root system, it can be transplanted to its permanent location.
Disease Management
Like any other plant, Bridelia scleroneura Müll.Arg. subsp. angolensis is susceptible to some diseases. Some of the common diseases that affect this plant include:
- Leaf Spot: this disease is caused by fungi and is characterized by the appearance of small spots on the leaves, which later develop into large patches.
- Anthracnose: this is also caused by fungi and is characterized by the appearance of small, sunken spots on the leaves, fruits, and stems.
- Powdery Mildew: this disease is caused by fungi and is characterized by the growth of a white powdery substance on the leaves.
To manage these diseases, it is essential to practice good cultural practices, which include:
- Regular pruning of affected parts.
- Proper sanitation methods such as removing diseased debris and fallen leaves.
- Use of appropriate fungicides as recommended by a local agricultural extension officer.
Pest Management
Like diseases, pests can also attack Bridelia scleroneura Müll.Arg. subsp. angolensis. Some of the common pests that affect this plant include:
- Mealybugs: these insects are characterized by the appearance of a white, cotton-like substance on the leaves and stems.
- Aphids: these insects are small and can be found on the undersides of the leaves.
- Spider mites: these pests feed on the undersides of the leaves, causing yellowing and bronzing of the foliage.
To manage these pests, it is essential to practice good cultural practices, which include:
- Regular inspection of the plant to detect signs of pest infestation.
- Prompt removal of infested parts to prevent the spread of the pests.
- Use of appropriate insecticides as recommended by a local agricultural extension officer.
