Overview of Braya humilis var. novae-angliae
Braya humilis var. novae-angliae, also known as the Dwarf Northern Rockcress, is a small and extremely hardy plant native to the Arctic regions of both Europe and North America. This perennial plant is a member of the mustard family and features short stems with basal leaves that form a rosette at the base.
General Appearance
The leaves of Braya humilis var. novae-angliae are small, round, and fleshy, with a glossy appearance. The plant has clusters of small, white flowers that bloom in the late spring or early summer, held on short stalks above the foliage. The plant rarely grows more than 2.5 centimeters tall, making it a small and delicate addition to any garden or landscape.
Origins and Distribution
The natural range of Braya humilis var. novae-angliae extends across the Arctic regions of both Europe and North America, including Greenland, Canada, and Norway. It is commonly found growing on rocky, windswept slopes or in coastal regions with thin, well-drained soils and full sun exposure. This plant is well adapted to the harsh and unpredictable conditions of the Arctic climate.
Common Uses
Due to the small size and delicate appearance of Braya humilis var. novae-angliae, it is primarily grown as an ornamental plant in rock gardens or alpine plantings. It is also a popular choice for container gardens due to its small size and attractive appearance. Additionally, some indigenous communities in the Arctic regions have historically used this plant for medicinal purposes, often using it to treat stomach and intestinal issues.
Light Requirements
Braya humilis var. novae-angliae require full sun exposure for their proper growth and development. The plant is commonly found in open rocky or gravelly habitats where it receives direct sunlight all day.
Temperature Requirements
This particular variety of Braya humilis is native to the Arctic region of North America, and as such, prefers cooler temperatures. The plant can withstand temperatures as low as -40°C (-40°F) and needs a cool and moist environment for its growth.
Soil Requirements
Braya humilis var. novae-angliae prefer well-draining soil that is slightly alkaline with a pH range of 7-8. The plant can grow in sandy, rocky, or loamy soils but requires good drainage and low to moderate soil fertility. It can tolerate slightly salty soils but cannot survive in waterlogged conditions.
Cultivation
Braya humilis (C.A. Mey.) B.L. Robins. var. novae-angliae (Rydb.) Fern. is best grown in well-draining soil that is rich in organic matter. It prefers full sun exposure but can also thrive in partially shaded areas. This plant prefers a cool climate and should be protected from extreme heat.
Watering Needs
Braya humilis (C.A. Mey.) B.L. Robins. var. novae-angliae (Rydb.) Fern. prefers evenly moist soil, which should be watered regularly. However, it is also important to ensure that the soil does not become waterlogged, as this can lead to root rot. In extremely hot weather, the plant may need to be watered more frequently to prevent the soil from drying out.
Fertilization
Braya humilis (C.A. Mey.) B.L. Robins. var. novae-angliae (Rydb.) Fern. does not require heavy fertilization, but it will appreciate a light application of a balanced fertilizer in early spring. A slow-release fertilizer can also be applied during the growing season to provide nutrients gradually.
Pruning
Braya humilis (C.A. Mey.) B.L. Robins. var. novae-angliae (Rydb.) Fern. does not require much pruning, but spent flowers and old foliage should be removed regularly to maintain the plant's appearance. Any branches that appear damaged or dead should also be pruned off to encourage new growth.
Propagation of Braya humilis var. novae-angliae
Braya humilis var. novae-angliae can be propagated through both seed and vegetative methods.
Propagation by Seed
Seeds can be extracted from mature seed pods and sown directly in the ground during the fall season. Prior to spring germination, the seeds need to undergo stratification, a period of cold and moist treatment. This process mimics the natural winter conditions required for the seed to break dormancy and promote germination. Seeds can also be started indoors during late winter or early spring. Once seedlings have developed a few sets of true leaves, they can be transplanted to their final location.
Propagation by Vegetative Methods
Due to Braya humilis var. novae-angliae's short lifespan and the difficulty of collecting viable seeds, vegetative methods may be preferred. This can be done through stem cuttings, division, or layering. Stem cuttings can be taken during the plant's growth season and rooted either in soil or water. Division involves separating a mature plant's roots from the main stem and replanting into separate containers or ground spots. Layering involves bending a long, flexible stem slightly under the ground and allowing it to root before snipping it off from the parent plant.
Disease and Pest Management for Braya humilis var. novae-angliae
Braya humilis var. novae-angliae is generally a hardy plant, but it is still susceptible to certain diseases and pests. Here are some of the most common ones and how to manage them:
Diseases
Clubroot: This disease is caused by a soil-borne fungus that attacks the roots of the plant, causing stunted growth, yellowing leaves, and eventually death. To manage clubroot, avoid planting in infected soil, rotate crops, and use resistant varieties if available.
Blackleg: This is caused by bacterium that enters the plant through wounds, causing wilting, yellowing and eventual death. To manage blackleg, practice proper hygiene, avoid planting infected plant material or in infected soil, and use resistant varieties.
Downy mildew: This is a fungal disease that causes yellowing and curling of leaves, stunted growth and eventually death. To manage downy mildew, avoid overhead irrigation and plant in well-draining soil.
Pests
Aphids: These small insects suck the sap from the plant, causing wilting and yellowing of leaves. To manage aphids, wash them off with a jet of water or use insecticidal soap.
Cabbage loopers: These caterpillars feed on the leaves of the plant, causing holes. To manage cabbage loopers, use row covers or spray with Bt (Bacillus thuringiensis).
Wireworms: These are the larvae of click beetles and they feed on the roots of the plant, causing stunted growth and death. To manage wireworms, avoid planting in infested soil, rotate crops and use insecticides if necessary.
By following these disease and pest management practices, you can help keep your Braya humilis var. novae-angliae plant healthy and thriving.
