Introduction: Bothriocline schimperi Oliv. & Hiern ex Benth.
Bothriocline schimperi Oliv. & Hiern ex Benth., also known as the Kenyan everlasting, is a perennial plant that belongs to the Asteraceae family. This plant is native to East Africa, particularly in Kenya, Tanzania, and Ethiopia. Its generic name "Bothriocline" comes from the Greek word "bothrios" which means "groove" or "channel", while its specific epithet "schimperi" honors the German botanist Richard Schimper.
General Appearance
The Kenyan everlasting has a shrub-like growth habit, with a height that could reach up to 1.5 meters. Its stem is usually branched and covered in dense hairs. The leaves are simple, ovate to lanceolate in shape, with serrated margins and a rough texture. The upper leaf surface is dark green, while the lower surface is lighter in color and covered in woolly hairs. The flowers of Bothriocline schimperi are arranged in small, globular heads with yellow petals and brownish disc florets. The plant blooms from July to September.
Common Names and Uses
Bothriocline schimperi is commonly known as the Kenyan everlasting due to its long-lasting flowers. In Kenya, it is also called "olosuit" by the Maasai people, who use the plant for various medicinal and cultural purposes. The roots of the plant are believed to have anti-inflammatory properties and are used to relieve joint pains and muscle aches. The Maasai also use the plant as a traditional dye for their textiles. The flowers of Bothriocline schimperi are often used in dry flower arrangements and could last for several months without losing their color or shape.
Light Requirements
The plant Bothriocline schimperi Oliv. & Hiern ex Benth. grows best under full sunlight exposure. It can also tolerate partial shade but it may affect its growth and flowering ability. Thus, it is recommended to grow this plant in an area with at least 6-8 hours of direct sunlight per day.
Temperature Requirements
The optimal temperature range for the growth and development of Bothriocline schimperi is between 15°C to 25°C. It prefers a cooler climate and can tolerate temperatures as low as 5°C. However, it cannot withstand high temperatures, especially during the summer season. When the temperature rises above 30°C, it may cause the plant to wilt and die.
Soil Requirements
Bothriocline schimperi grows well in well-drained sandy or loamy soil that has a pH range of 6.5 to 7.5. It can tolerate a wide range of soil types, provided that it is not waterlogged or too compact. It prefers soil that is rich in organic matter and has good drainage to prevent waterlogging. The addition of organic compost can help improve soil fertility and structure.
Cultivation Methods
Bothriocline schimperi Oliv. & Hiern ex Benth. is a hardy, drought-resistant plant that can tolerate a wide range of soil types. It is easy to cultivate and can thrive in both full sun and partial shade. When planting, choose a well-draining soil mix and add organic matter to improve its fertility. The recommended time for planting is during the rainy season when the soil is moist.
Watering Needs
Bothriocline schimperi does not require much water, and overwatering can lead to root rot. In general, the plant should be watered thoroughly once a week during periods of drought. To prevent overwatering, it is essential to ensure that the soil is completely dry before the next watering. A good rule of thumb is to stick your finger into the soil to a depth of one inch. If it feels dry, it is time to water.
Fertilization
Bothriocline schimperi can benefit from regular applications of fertilizer. It is recommended to use a balanced, slow-release fertilizer once every three months. Avoid using too much fertilizer, as it can cause excessive growth, weak stems, and reduced flowering. During the rainy season, less fertilizer should be applied since frequent rain can wash away the nutrients.
Pruning
Pruning Bothriocline schimperi should be minimal, as it does not require regular shaping. However, removing any dead or damaged branches is recommended to encourage new growth and overall plant health. It is best to prune after the flowering season when the plant is preparing for the next growth cycle. Be sure to use clean, sharp tools to prevent disease transmission.
Propagation of Bothriocline schimperi Oliv. & Hiern ex Benth.
Bothriocline schimperi Oliv. & Hiern ex Benth., commonly known as African mountain daisy or mountain everlasting, is a herbaceous perennial plant that belongs to the Asteraceae family. The plant is native to Africa and is popular for its beautiful flowers that bloom in summer and autumn.
Propagation of Bothriocline schimperi can be done through various methods, including:
Seed propagation
Seeds are the easiest and most common method of propagating Bothriocline schimperi. The plant produces numerous seeds that are dispersed by wind. Collect seeds from the plant when they are mature and dry. Clean them and sow in a seedbed filled with a well-draining soil mix. Cover the seeds with a light layer of soil, and water them regularly. Germination typically takes a few weeks.
Division propagation
Bothriocline schimperi can be propagated through division of rhizomes, roots, or offshoots. This method is recommended for mature plants that have formed clumps. To divide the plant, lift it from the soil and separate the rhizomes, roots, or offshoots. Replant the divisions in a new location with well-draining soil, and water the newly planted divisions regularly.
Cuttings propagation
Propagation through cuttings is a bit difficult with Bothriocline schimperi, but still, it can be done. Take cuttings from young shoots, making sure that each cutting has at least two nodes. Dip the cuttings in a rooting hormone to enhance rooting, and plant them in a well-draining soil mix. Place the planted cuttings in a warm and humid environment, and water them regularly. Rooting typically takes a few weeks.
By applying these propagation methods, one can easily propagate Bothriocline schimperi at home and grow more plants.
Disease Management
Bothriocline schimperi Oliv. & Hiern ex Benth. is generally a relatively healthy plant with few disease issues. However, the following are some of the common diseases that might affect the plant:
- Gray mold: This is a fungal disease that can cause wilting and decay of stems and leaves. It is most common in cool and humid weather. To manage this disease, it is recommended to remove and destroy the infected parts of the plant and improve air circulation around the plant.
- Powdery mildew: This is a fungus that appears as a white powdery substance on leaves and stems. It can cause stunted growth and poor plant health. To manage powdery mildew, applying fungicides and removing infected parts of the plant can be effective measures.
- Root rot: This is a fungal disease that affects the roots of the plant. Overwatering and poorly drained soil are the main causes of root rot. To manage this disease, it is recommended to reduce watering, improve drainage, and remove the infected parts of the plant.
Pest Management
Bothriocline schimperi Oliv. & Hiern ex Benth. is relatively pest-free but can be affected by a few pests. The following are some of the common pests that might affect the plant:
- Aphids: These are small insects that suck sap from the plant's leaves, causing them to curl and yellow. One of the most effective ways to manage aphids is to spray the plant with water to dislodge them, or to use insecticides.
- Spider mites: These are tiny pests that live on the undersides of leaves and suck sap from the plant, causing yellowing and wilting. To manage spider mites, spraying the plant with water can help dislodge them, or you can apply insecticides.
- Snails and slugs: These pests can chew on the leaves, causing large holes. To manage them, you can use traps, hand-pick them and dispose of them, or apply insecticides.
Proper maintenance practices, such as removing dead plant material, proper watering, and monitoring the plant regularly, can also help prevent the occurrence of diseases and pests on Bothriocline schimperi Oliv. & Hiern ex Benth.
