General Description:
Bothriochloa parviflora, also known as red grass or smallflower beard grass, is a warm-season perennial grass that belongs to the Poaceae family. It is native to Australia, Asia, and Africa, and has been introduced in other parts of the world as an ornamental plant.
Appearance:
Bothriochloa parviflora typically grows up to 90 cm in height and has a shallow, fibrous root system. Its leaves are narrow, alternate, and can range from a blue-green to greyish-green hue. The plant's flowers are arranged in a panicle that can be up to 30 cm long and are usually purplish to reddish-brown.
Uses:
Bothriochloa parviflora is a popular ornamental grass due to its attractive appearance and the fact that it can tolerate a variety of soil types and conditions. In addition to its ornamental uses, some species of Bothriochloa are also used for grazing and erosion control purposes. Its seeds are also sometimes used by birds and other wildlife as a food source.
Growth Conditions for Bothriochloa parviflora (R.Br.) Ohwi
Light Requirements: Bothriochloa parviflora requires full sunlight exposure for optimal growth and development. The plant can tolerate some shade, but it is not recommended to grow it in shaded areas as it may affect its overall growth and productivity.
Temperature: This plant is native to warm regions and thrives in temperatures ranging from 15 to 35°C. Temperatures below 10°C or above 40°C can affect the growth and development of Bothriochloa parviflora. Additionally, frost can damage the plant, and it is not recommended to grow it in regions with a temperature below -5°C.
Soil Requirements: Bothriochloa parviflora grows best in well-draining, medium to heavy textured soils with pH levels ranging between 6.0 to 8.5. The plant is not tolerant to saline or waterlogged soils. High-quality soil with adequate nitrogen and phosphorus levels is recommended to ensure healthy growth.
Cultivation
Bothriochloa parviflora is native to Australia, but also grows well in other areas with similar climates. It is a hardy grass that prefers hot and dry conditions with well-drained soil. It grows well in full sun and can tolerate poor soil conditions.
Watering Needs
Bothriochloa parviflora is drought-tolerant and does not require frequent watering. However, it should be watered deeply but infrequently when necessary. Regular watering in the early stages of growth can help establish the roots and promote healthy growth.
Fertilization
Fertilizing Bothriochloa parviflora can be beneficial for healthy growth and a lush green color. A slow-release fertilizer applied once a year in the spring or fall is recommended. Avoid over-fertilization as it can lead to excessive growth and weaken the grass.
Pruning
Bothriochloa parviflora does not require pruning. However, in areas with heavy snow or frost, the grass can be cut back to about 3 inches to prevent damage.
Propagation of Bothriochloa parviflora
Bothriochloa parviflora can be propagated vegetatively or by seed.
Vegetative Propagation
Vegetative propagation of Bothriochloa parviflora can be done by rhizomes or cuttings. Rhizomes are the lateral underground stems of the plant that produce roots and shoots. Rhizomes can be dug up and separated into sections, with each section having at least one shoot and root system. These sections can be replanted in desired locations. Cuttings can also be taken from the stems of the plant and rooted in a growing medium. However, this method is less successful than rhizome propagation.
Seed Propagation
Bothriochloa parviflora can be propagated from seed. Seeds can be planted directly into the ground in spring or fall. The seeds should be sown at a depth of ¼ inch and kept moist until germination. Germination typically takes 7-14 days. Seeds can also be started indoors and transplanted outdoors when the plants are established and the weather is suitable.
Disease Management
Bothriochloa parviflora is susceptible to fungal diseases, such as rust, leaf spots, and smut. To manage these diseases, it is essential to maintain a clean and healthy growing environment for the plant. This includes regular removal of plant debris and pruning of affected leaves or branches. Fungicides may also be used as a preventive measure and should be applied following the manufacturer's instructions.
Pest Management
Among the pests that may affect Bothriochloa parviflora are grasshoppers, caterpillars, and spider mites. The use of insecticides may be necessary if the infestation is severe. However, it is important to identify the pest correctly before treatment and to follow the instructions on the label of the chosen insecticide.
Integrated pest management is a good option for Bothriochloa parviflora and involves a combination of strategies to control pests and minimize the use of chemicals. These strategies include providing adequate soil nutrition and moisture, selecting pest-resistant cultivars, introducing natural predators of the pests, and removing plant debris and weeds that may harbor pests.
