Origin:
Bonatea polypodantha (Rchb.f.) L.Bolus is a species of orchid that is native to southern Africa, particularly found in the Cape Province of South Africa. It grows in grassy marshes, seeps, and along streams at elevations of about 400-2,400 meters.
Common Names:
This orchid species has several common names, including Koringblom Bonatea, Bietouberglelie (Afrikaans), or in English, Ribbon Orchid.
Uses:
Bonatea polypodantha is primarily used for ornamental purposes, with its attractive appearance featuring delicate flowers with green and white stripes. However, some indigenous people in certain regions of southern Africa also use the plant for medicinal purposes. Its root extract is traditionally used to treat epilepsy, headaches, and neuralgia.
General Appearance:
Bonatea polypodantha is a terrestrial orchid that grows up to 45 cm tall. It has an underground tuber from which the aerial stem arises. The leaves are few and narrowly oblong, measuring about 10-20 cm long and 1-2 cm wide. The flowers have a distinctive green and white-striped pattern, with the lip (labellum) being white with green veins. The flowering period is from August to November, and the fruits are capsules containing numerous small seeds.
Light Requirements
Bonatea polypodantha is a terrestrial orchid that grows in the shade of trees and shrubs. This plant requires filtered sunlight or partial shade to grow well. Direct sunlight can cause leaf burn and stunted growth.
Temperature Requirements
Bonatea polypodantha is native to South Africa and requires a warm and humid environment to grow. The ideal temperature range is between 18-30°C (64-86°F). Temperatures below 10°C (50°F) and above 35°C (95°F) can be detrimental to the plant's growth. Night temperatures should not fall below 10°C (50°F) and day temperatures should not exceed 32°C (90°F).
Soil Requirements
Bonatea polypodantha grows well in well-draining, rich soil that is slightly acidic. A mix of 50% peat moss and 50% perlite or coarse sand is suitable for this plant. The soil should retain some moisture but should not be waterlogged, as this can lead to root rot. The pH level of the soil should be in the range of 5.5-6.5.
Cultivation
Bonatea polypodantha is an orchid species that can be grown either in pots or a well-draining garden bed. It prefers a location that receives bright, indirect sunlight, and high humidity.
A slightly acidic soil mix, including perlite or coarse sand, provides good drainage and aeration. The plant needs to be repotted every two years when the potting mix starts to break down and becomes compacted.
The recommended temperature range for Bonatea polypodantha is between 15°C and 25°C, making it a perfect indoor plant when grown in cooler regions.
Watering Needs
The plant should be watered when the potting soil feels dry to the touch, typically once or twice a week.
It's essential to take care not to overwater the plant, which can cause root rot. While misting can be beneficial, it's preferable to avoid hoarding water in the plant's crevices. Instead, water should be directed at the base of the plant.
Fertilization
Bonatea polypodantha requires regular fertilization during the growing season to thrive. A balanced liquid fertilizer that contains all necessary micronutrients should be used during the active growth phase.
The plant should be fed every two weeks with a diluted fertilizer solution. During the dormant season, you can stop fertilizing the plant or reduce the fertilization ratio to once a month.
Pruning
Bonatea polypodantha typically doesn't require pruning, except for removing any dead or dying leaves or flowers. Maintaining good sanitation is essential to protect the plant from pests and diseases. Any damaged or diseased parts of the plant should be removed immediately using sterilized pruning tools.
The flower stem of the plant should be cut down to its base once all the blooms have faded. This will encourage new growth and a better yield of flowers during the next blooming season.
Propagation of Bonatea polypodantha
Bonatea polypodantha can be propagated through two methods, namely division and seed propagation.
Division method
The division method is usually preferred by many growers and gardeners since it is an easier and faster way of propagating Bonatea polypodantha. It involves digging out the plant during the dormant months, separating the pseudobulbs, and replanting them individually. The best time to divide the plant is during the early spring, just before the start of the growing season, to allow for proper rooting and establishment in their new location.
Seed propagation method
Seed propagation is another way to obtain new plants of Bonatea polypodantha. Collect seed pods that have turned brown and dry, carefully extracting the seeds and planting them in a mixture of peat and perlite. The mixture should be kept moist by placing a plastic bag over the pot and placing it in a warm area. Ensure that the planting medium is not waterlogged as this can lead to rotting of the seeds. Germination will occur in approximately four to six weeks, and after about a year, the seedlings can be transplanted to larger pots or directly into the ground.
Disease Management
The Bonatea polypodantha is susceptible to fungal diseases such as Botrytis cinerea, Fusarium oxysporum, and Pythium ultimum. To control these diseases, it is recommended to maintain proper sanitation practices by removing and destroying infected plant parts, ensuring proper drainage to deter fungal growth, and avoiding overwatering.
Fungicides may also be used to control fungal diseases; these should be applied according to the manufacturer's instructions and in moderation to prevent toxicity to the plant and environment.
Pest Management
Common pests that may infect Bonatea polypodantha include aphids, whiteflies, and spider mites. To manage these pests, the following measures can be taken:
- Hand-picking: Small infestations can be removed by handpicking the insects or larvae from the plant.
- Biological control: Natural predators such as ladybugs or lacewings may be used to control the pest population.
- Soap sprays: A soap and water solution can be sprayed on the plant to control pests.
- Chemical control: Pesticides may also be used to control pest populations. However, it is recommended to use selective pesticides that do not harm beneficial insects and to follow the manufacturer's instruction for use to prevent toxicity to the plant and environment.
Regular monitoring of the plant for signs of pest infestations and early intervention can help prevent severe damage to the plant and avoid the use of harsh chemical treatments.
