Overview
Boivinella glomerulifera (Hutch. & Dalziel) Aubrév. & Pellegr. is a flowering plant species belonging to the Rubiaceae family. It is a rare and endemic plant found only in Cameroon, Africa. The plant has been used for centuries by the local communities for its medicinal properties.
Common Names
The plant is commonly referred to by a variety of names within Cameroon, including "Ubonadi" and "Lampo."
Appearance
Boivinella glomerulifera is a perennial herbaceous plant growing up to 80 cm tall. The stems are straight, robust, and branch only at the top. The leaves are elliptical to narrowly elliptical, oppositely arranged, and grow up to 25 cm long and 10 cm wide. The flowers are small, tubular, and joined together in heads that grow in clusters. The fruit is a capsule that splits open to release the seeds.
Uses
The plant has been traditionally used for medicinal purposes by the local communities in Cameroon. It is believed to have properties that can help treat diseases like malaria, rheumatism and stomach disorders. The aerial parts of the plant are often boiled, steeped or ground to make infusions and decoctions that can be orally administered.
The plant is also being studied for its potential as a source of novel bioactive compounds that can be used in various industries, including the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries.
Light Requirements
Boivinella glomerulifera is a shade-loving plant and grows best in partial to full shade conditions. Direct sunlight exposure can damage the leaves, and they may turn yellow or brown if exposed to too much light. The ideal light conditions for this plant are 500 to 1000 foot-candles.
Temperature Requirements
This plant can tolerate a wide range of temperatures, from 15°C to 30°C (59°F to 86°F). The temperature range preferred by this plant is between 20°C and 25°C (68°F and 77°F). It is essential to maintain a stable temperature range for the best growth and development of Boivinella glomerulifera.
Soil Requirements
Boivinella glomerulifera prefers well-drained, moist, and nutrient-rich soil. This plant can grow in different soil types, including loamy, sandy, and clay soils. The pH range preferred by this plant is between 5.5 to 7.5. Adding organic matter such as compost or leaf litter can improve the soil quality and provide the necessary nutrients for healthy growth.
Cultivation Methods
Boivinella glomerulifera grows naturally in sandy or rocky soils with good drainage. To cultivate this plant, it is essential to choose a site that receives plenty of sunlight and has well-draining soil. These plants should be planted in a location that receives a minimum of six hours of sunlight per day.
It is best to use a potting mix that is rich in organic matter and has ample drainage. When planting, ensure that the roots are well covered with soil. It is recommended to use a layer of mulch to help retain moisture and provide a protective layer for the soil and the roots.
Watering Needs
Boivinella glomerulifera needs a moderate amount of water. These plants should be watered once a week during the growing season and once every 10 days during the dormant period. It is crucial to avoid overwatering, which can lead to root rot.
Before watering, ensure that the top inch of soil is dry. When watering, water deeply to help encourage a deep root system. Always water at the base of the plant, avoiding foliage.
Fertilization
Fertilization should be done during the active growing season. Use a balanced liquid fertilizer once per month. Boivinella glomerulifera is not a heavy feeder, so avoid over-fertilizing.
It is recommended to use an organic fertilizer in the spring to encourage healthy growth and flower production. Avoid using chemical fertilizers that are high in nitrogen, as this can encourage foliage growth rather than flower production.
Pruning
Boivinella glomerulifera does not require much pruning. However, it is essential to remove any damaged or dead branches. This practice helps maintain the plant's shape and encourages healthy growth.
It is recommended to prune after flowering to prevent removing any new growth that may produce flowers. Avoid pruning during the dormant season as this can promote new growth that will not withstand the cold winter months.
Propagation of Boivinella glomerulifera
Boivinella glomerulifera (Hutch. & Dalziel) Aubrév. & Pellegr. is a shrub or small tree species native to West Africa. It is commonly found in the savannas and woodlands of the region. This species can be propagated through both sexual and asexual methods.
Sexual Propagation
Boivinella glomerulifera can be propagated by seed. The seeds are collected from the plant when they are mature and have turned brown. They should be sown immediately after harvesting in a well-drained soil mixture. The seeds should be sown shallowly and covered with a thin layer of soil. Watering should be done immediately after sowing. Germination takes usually 2-4 weeks to occur. Seedlings should be transplanted to individual containers when they are large enough to handle.
Asexual Propagation
Boivinella glomerulifera can also be propagated through cuttings. Stem cuttings are usually used as propagules. Cuttings should be taken from the plant when it is actively growing, usually in the spring or early summer. Cuttings should be 10-15 cm long, and should be taken from young, healthy stems. The basal cut should be made just below a node, and the top of the cutting should be just above a node. The leaves should be removed from the lower third of the cutting. Cuttings should be dipped in rooting hormone to facilitate the development of roots. They should be planted in a well-drained soil mixture in a container with high humidity. Rooting will usually take 6-8 weeks to occur. Once roots have developed, cuttings can be transplanted to individual containers.
Disease Management
Boivinella glomerulifera is susceptible to fungal and bacterial diseases. One of the most common diseases affecting this plant is anthracnose, which shows symptoms such as irregularly shaped spots on the leaves and stems. To manage anthracnose, it is advisable to prune the infected parts and dispose of them properly. Fungicides can also be applied to prevent further spread of the disease.
Bacterial leaf spot is another disease that affects Boivinella glomerulifera. The symptoms include water-soaked spots on the leaves, which eventually turn yellow and fall off. It is best managed by removing and destroying the affected leaves and keeping the plant dry as much as possible. Copper fungicides can also be applied to control the spread of the disease.
Pest Management
Boivinella glomerulifera can be attacked by several pests such as aphids, mites, and caterpillars. These pests can cause damage to the plant by sucking the sap, chewing the leaves, or causing deformation of the growth.
To manage pest infestation, it is advisable to monitor the plant regularly and identify the pests early enough before they cause significant damage. Natural predators such as ladybugs and lacewings can be introduced to control the population of pests. Also, insecticidal soaps and oils can be applied to reduce the number of pests on the plant. It is essential to follow the manufacturer's instructions when using any pesticide to avoid harming the plant or the environment.
Proper cultural practices such as planting Boivinella glomerulifera in well-draining soil, providing adequate water, and avoiding overcrowding can also help to prevent pest infestation and disease development. Regular pruning and sanitation of the plant can also minimize the risk of pests and diseases.
