Origin and Common Names
Boehmeria decurrens Small, also known as Louisiana bog hemp, is a perennial plant found in the eastern United States. Its natural habitat includes wet woodlands and bogs in the southeast, particularly in Louisiana, Florida, Alabama, and Georgia. The plant has several common names, including swamp false nettle, wood nettle, and wild nettle. However, despite these names, it is not actually a type of nettle.General Appearance
Boehmeria decurrens Small has a distinct appearance that sets it apart from other plants in its native environments. The stem is covered in tiny hairs and can reach heights of up to 10 feet. The leaves are serrated and arranged alternately along the stem. They are green and have a rough texture. The plant produces small flowers, which are green and not particularly showy. Most of the growth occurs below ground, and it produces rhizomes that spread rapidly.Uses
Historically, some Native American tribes used Louisiana bog hemp for medicinal purposes. It was believed to have anti-inflammatory and pain-relieving properties and was used to treat conditions ranging from burns to hemorrhoids. Today, the plant has little commercial value, and it is primarily seen as a wetland species used for erosion control and wildlife habitat. It is also used as a decorative plant in some landscaped areas. Despite its low commercial value, Boehmeria decurrens Small is an important part of its native wetland ecosystems. It provides cover and habitat for small animals and helps to stabilize soil in these fragile environments.Growth Conditions for Boehmeria decurrens Small
Light Requirements: Boehmeria decurrens Small prefers to grow in an area with partial to full sunlight. It cannot tolerate excessive shade and require significant sunlight for proper growth.
Soil Type: The plant thrives well in loose, moist soils that are rich in organic matter. It prefers soils with a pH range of 6.0 to 7.5. The plant can be found growing in different types of soils such as sandy loam, loam, and clay loam.
Temperature: Boehmeria decurrens Small can tolerate a wide range of temperatures. It can grow optimally in temperatures ranging from 20-30°C during the day and 15-25°C at night. However, it can survive in temperatures as low as -5°C and as high as 40°C, but this affects its growth and yield significantly.
Water Requirements: Boehmeria decurrens Small requires sufficient water to grow and produce quality yields. It requires an adequate supply of water to maintain soil moisture and avoid drought stress caused by insufficient rainfall or irrigation. The plant requires a minimum of 600-800mm of rainfall or irrigation water to achieve optimal growth and production.
Nutrient Requirements: Boehmeria decurrens Small has moderate nutrient requirements. The plant requires nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium for optimal growth. Therefore, it is essential to apply fertilizers or organic manure before planting or during the growing season to ensure adequate nutrient supply.
Cultivation Methods
The Boehmeria decurrens Small, commonly known as the false-nettle or bog hemp, thrives well in moist soils, in partial or full shade. These plants can grow up to six feet tall and require regular watering during the hotter months. False-nettle has low maintenance requirements, making it an ideal plant for beginners to cultivate.
Watering Needs
Just like all other plants, Boehmeria decurrens Small needs a consistent level of moisture in the soil to thrive well. The best practice is to water the plant lightly but frequently from the top. However, avoid overwatering the plant as it may lead to root rot and kill the plant. A well-drained soil mixture is also necessary to regulate the moisture levels in the soil and promote healthy growth.
Fertilization
False-nettle plants are heavy feeders that require regular fertilization. Although they grow in various soil types, they need a nitrogen-rich soil to support their grwoth. To ensure the plant gets enough nutrients, fertilize it every two weeks during the active growing season. A well-balanced fertilizer works best, but it is essential to follow the manufacturer's recommendations and avoid over-fertilization that could damage the plant.
Pruning
False-nettle is a fast-growing plant that can get leggy if left unattended. Pruning the plant regularly helps ensure it grows in a more compact manner while promoting bushier growth. The best practices are to pinch the tips of the stems to encourage branching or remove some of the stem's top to promote bushy growth. Additionally, remove any yellowed or dead leaves from the plant, as they can attract pests or diseases.
Propagation of Boehmeria decurrens Small
Boehmeria decurrens Small, commonly known as false nettle or wild-hemp, can be propagated through various methods. These methods include seed propagation, stem cutting propagation, and division.
Seed Propagation
Seed propagation is the most common method of propagating Boehmeria decurrens. Collect the matured seeds from the plant after the growing season. Since the seeds are very tiny, mix them with sand for proper distribution. Plant the seed in soil that is kept moist, and in an area where there is bright but indirect sunlight. The seeds will usually germinate within 1 to 2 weeks.
Stem Cutting Propagation
Stem cutting propagation of Boehmeria decurrens Small is an alternative method. This method requires the cutting of stem segments from the parent plant of about 12 inches long. The cuttings should be free from any disease or insect infestation. Dip the cuttings in rooting hormone powder before planting them in soil and keep them moist. Rooting should occur within 2 to 3 weeks.
Division
Division is another method of propagation that can be used to propagate Boehmeria decurrens Small. This method involves separating the root ball of an established plant in to smaller sections with each section having some roots and shoots. Replant the newly divided sections in a well-drained moist soil mixture and keep it moist until the plant becomes established.
Disease Management
Boehmeria decurrens Small is known to be prone to fungal diseases like leaf spot, powdery mildew, and rust. These diseases can be managed by practicing good gardening habits. Keep the area around the plant free of debris, ensure good air circulation by spacing the plants properly, and avoid overhead watering to prevent the leaves from sitting wet for too long. If the disease is already present, prune off the infected leaves and dispose of them away from the plant. Fungicides may also be used as a preventative measure, but it's important to read and follow the instructions carefully.
Pest Management
Several types of pests can cause damage to Boehmeria decurrens Small. The most common pests are mites, aphids, and caterpillars. Mites and aphids can be controlled by spraying the plants with water to knock them off, or by using insecticidal soap. For caterpillars, hand-picking is the most effective method, or using Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) which is a natural bacteria that targets caterpillars, but doesn't harm other beneficial insects.
Another pest that can cause a problem is the Japanese beetle. These beetles feed on the foliage of the plant and can cause significant damage if not controlled. There are several ways to manage Japanese beetles, including handpicking them off the plant, using pheromone traps, or using insecticides. However, insecticides can also harm beneficial insects, so using them as a last resort is recommended.
In general, the best way to prevent pests is to maintain the health of the plant by providing good growing conditions, watering properly, and fertilizing accordingly. Healthy plants are less likely to be attacked by pests, and if they do get attacked, they are better able to recover quickly.
