Overview
Blepharis dichotoma Engl. is a flowering plant native to Africa and Asia. It belongs to the family Acanthaceae and is commonly known as Eyelash Flower, Two-branched Blepharis, or Khasila. The plant is highly valued for its medicinal and ornamental uses.
Appearance
Blepharis dichotoma is a perennial herb that grows up to 30cm tall. Its stems are hairy and have numerous branches. The leaves are lance-shaped, up to 7cm long, and 1cm wide. The flowers are small, measuring about 1cm in diameter, and are arranged in clusters on the tips of the branches. The petals are purple, and the stamens protrude from the mouth of the flower. The plant usually blooms from July to October.
Uses
In traditional medicine, Blepharis dichotoma has been used to treat a wide range of ailments, including fever, wounds, and stomach disorders. The plant has also been found to have anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antimicrobial properties. Its roots, leaves, and flowers are used to make different preparations for medicinal purposes.
The plant is also grown for its ornamental value. Its attractive flowers and foliage make it a popular choice for home gardens and landscaping. The plant requires little maintenance and can thrive in both dry and moist conditions.
Furthermore, Blepharis dichotoma is known to support biodiversity by providing nectar and pollen to bees, butterflies, and other pollinators. Its seeds and small fruits are also a source of food for some bird species.
Light Conditions
Blepharis dichotoma requires plenty of sunlight to thrive. It is best grown in an area that receives full sunlight exposure for the majority of the day. Adequate sunlight helps the plant produce healthy foliage and vibrant flowers. Therefore, it is advisable to avoid placing this plant in shaded areas or spots that receive less than six hours of direct sunlight.
Temperature Conditions
Blepharis dichotoma can withstand a wide range of temperatures. However, it thrives in a warm to hot climate. Ideally, the plant should be grown in areas that experience a minimum temperature of 20°C and a maximum temperature of 30°C. Extreme temperatures, especially cold weather, can cause significant damage to the plant.
Soil Requirements
The plant prefers well-drained soil that is rich in organic matter. Blepharis dichotoma grows well in sandy loam soils with a pH range of 6.5-7.5. The plant can tolerate slightly acidic soils but cannot survive in alkaline soil. Ensure regular watering to maintain the soil slightly moist, but avoid waterlogging as it may lead to root rot.
Cultivation of Blepharis dichotoma Engl.
Blepharis dichotoma Engl. is an excellent choice for hot, dry climates and can be grown in sandy, well-draining soil to keep its fine roots from rotting. The plant thrives in areas with ample sunshine and low humidity, where it can grow up to two meters high, making it an excellent choice for the landscape and garden.
Watering Needs
This plant requires infrequent watering, which means that it is essential to allow the soil to dry entirely before adding water. Overwatering can lead to root rot and eventually cause the plant to die. It is best to let the soil's surface completely dry out before giving it a thorough watering, especially during the winter months when the temperatures are cooler.
Fertilization
Blepharis dichotoma Engl. doesn't require a lot of fertilizer, so it is best to use a balanced fertilizer, such as a 10-10-10 formula for the best results. Always follow the manufacturer's instructions when using fertilizers, and avoid overfeeding, which can harm the plant's roots and reduce its overall growth.
Pruning
Pruning is only necessary when the plant becomes too tall or leggy, which can happen after a few years of growth. When pruning, it is best to do it during the early winter months, just before the new growth begins. Removing a few inches from the top and sides of the plant can promote bushier growth, which will make the plant more attractive and healthy.
Propagation of Blepharis dichotoma Engl.
Blepharis dichotoma Engl. can propagate both by seeds and vegetative methods. The plant is mostly propagated by seeds, which are readily available and easier to handle. The following information explains the propagation methods in detail:
Propagation by Seeds
Seeds of Blepharis dichotoma are small, black-colored, and oval-shaped. They can be easily collected from the mature, dried inflorescences of the plant. Once harvested, the seeds should be cleaned, sorted, and stored in a cool, dry place. The ideal time for sowing the seeds is during the rainy season when the soil is moist and conducive to germination.
The seeds can be sown directly into the soil or in pots filled with a well-draining potting mix. The soil should be loosened and mixed with compost or well-rotted manure to promote healthy growth. The seeds must be sown at a shallow depth of 1-2 cm and covered with a thin layer of soil. The pots or the seedbed should be kept moist but not waterlogged. The germination period varies from 2-3 weeks, depending on the quality of the seeds and the environmental conditions.
After the seedlings have emerged, they should be thinned out and repotted in individual containers. The seedlings must be kept in a shaded area until they grow to a suitable size for transplanting. During transplantation, the seedlings must be handled carefully to avoid any damage to the roots.
Propagation by Vegetative Methods
Blepharis dichotoma can also be propagated by vegetative methods like cutting, layering, and division. These methods are commonly used to propagate the plant when the seeds are not available or viable.
The stem cuttings of Blepharis dichotoma should be taken from the mature plant during the growing season. The cuttings should be 5-6 inches in length and should have at least two nodes. The bottom end of the cutting should be dipped in a rooting hormone to promote root growth. The cuttings should be planted in a moist, well-draining soil mixture and kept in a shaded area until they develop roots.
Layering is a simple method of propagating Blepharis dichotoma where a low-branching stem is bent down to the ground and covered with soil. After a few weeks, roots develop from the portion of the stem in contact with the soil. The rooted portion can be separated from the parent plant and transplanted to a new location.
In the division method, the clump of Blepharis dichotoma is divided into smaller sections and replanted in a suitable location. This method can be used to rejuvenate old plants and propagate them at the same time.
Disease and Pest Management for Blepharis dichotoma Engl.
Blepharis dichotoma Engl., commonly known as the "double-leaved Blepharis," is a hardy plant that grows in dry, sandy areas. However, like other plants, it may fall prey to various diseases and pests that may affect its growth and overall health. Here are some common diseases and pests that might affect the plant and ways to manage them:
Common Diseases
Leaf Spot: Blepharis dichotoma is susceptible to leaf spot, which appears as small, circular yellow or brown spots with a darker border on the leaves. To manage leaf spot, remove the infected parts, and use a fungicide spray to control the spread of the disease. Ensure good air circulation around the plant and avoid overhead watering to prevent the development of leaf spot.
Root Rot: Poor drainage or overwatering can lead to root rot in Blepharis dichotoma. Affected plants may show wilting, yellowing of leaves, and stunted growth. To manage root rot, stop watering the plant immediately and allow the soil to dry out partially. Apply a fungicidal drench to the soil surrounding the plant's root system to control the disease.
Common Pests
Aphids: Aphids are common pest insects that may attack Blepharis dichotoma. These insects suck sap from the leaves, and their infestation leads to poor growth and distorted leaves. To manage an aphid infestation, use an insecticidal soap, neem oil or try blasting them away with a strong stream of water.
Caterpillars: The caterpillars of various moths may feed on the leaves of Blepharis dichotoma, causing severe defoliation. To control caterpillars, remove them manually whenever possible or use an organic pesticide that contains Bacillus thuringiensis (BT).
Spider Mites: Spider mites can cause yellowing of leaves and reduced growth in Blepharis dichotoma plants. These pests are difficult to see because of their small size. To manage spider mites, use an insecticidal soap or oil spray. Also, you could use a sharp stream of water to remove them from the plant effectively.
In conclusion, Blepharis dichotoma Engl. can be impacted by several diseases and pests that may reduce its growth and health. Employing good cultural practices coupled with the use of fungicides, insecticidal soaps, and organic pesticides can help manage the diseases and pests that affect the plant, keeping it healthy and robust.
