Overview of Blechnum Spicant (L.) Sm.
Blechnum Spicant (L.) Sm., also known as deer fern or hard fern, is a terrestrial fern species that belongs to the Blechnaceae family. The plant is native to the temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere, which include Europe, Asia, and North America. Blechnum Spicant (L.) Sm. is a common fern species that grows in a variety of habitats such as woodlands, rocky slopes, and moorlands.
Appearance of Blechnum Spicant (L.) Sm.
Blechnum Spicant (L.) Sm. has a unique appearance characterized by its evergreen fronds which are 20-90cm long and 4-14cm broad. The fronds are pinnate, meaning that they are divided into leaflets that are in turn subdivided. The leaflets are oblong to lanceolate with a pointed tip, and they are a distinct light green color. The plant produces spores on a separate fertile frond that is shorter than the sterile frond.
Uses of Blechnum Spicant (L.) Sm.
In folk medicine, Blechnum Spicant (L.) Sm. has been used to treat various ailments such as coughs, inflammations, and rheumatism. The plant also has culinary uses, and the young fronds can be cooked and eaten like spinach or asparagus. Additionally, the hard, leathery fronds of Blechnum Spicant (L.) Sm. are used for decoration in flower arrangements.
Beyond these uses, Blechnum Spicant (L.) Sm. is also used as an ornamental plant in gardens and parks due to its unique appearance. It is a low maintenance plant that can tolerate a wide range of growing conditions, making it a suitable choice for landscapers and gardeners.
Light Requirements
Blechnum spicant requires partial to full shade in order to grow properly. This species is tolerant of low light conditions but may not thrive in areas with high amounts of direct sunlight.
Temperature Requirements
Blechnum spicant is adapted to temperate climates and can tolerate temperatures ranging from 40-75°F (4-24°C). This species is able to withstand frost and snow, making it ideal for gardens in cooler regions.
Soil Requirements
Blechnum spicant is adaptable to many soil types but prefers well-drained soils that are moist and rich in organic matter. Soil pH can range from slightly acidic to slightly alkaline (5.5-7.5). This species also benefits from regular fertilization with a balanced fertilizer to promote healthy growth.
Cultivation Methods
Blechnum spicant is a relatively easy plant to cultivate and care for. It prefers partial to full shade and well-draining soil. Make sure to plant it in an area where it is shielded from strong winds, which can damage the leaves.
When planting, dig a hole slightly larger than the size of the root ball and fill it with slightly acidic soil mixed with compost. Water the plant generously after planting to encourage root establishment.
Watering Needs
Since Blechnum spicant prefers well-draining soil, it is important not to overwater the plant, as this may cause root rot. Water the plant deeply once a week, allowing the soil to dry out between watering sessions. If the leaves start to turn brown and dry, it may be an indication of underwatering, and if they start to turn yellow and fall off, it may be a sign of overwatering.
Fertilization
Blechnum spicant is a low-maintenance plant that doesn't require heavy fertilization. However, to promote healthy growth, you can feed it with a balanced fertilizer once every three months during the growing season. Avoid applying fertilizer during winter when the plant is dormant.
Pruning
Blechnum spicant doesn't require regular pruning, but you can trim brown or yellowed leaves and fronds to maintain the plant's appearance. Overgrowth and overcrowding can be addressed by dividing the plant every two to three years in early spring or fall.
Propagation of Blechnum spicant
Blechnum spicant, also known as hard fern, can be propagated in a few different ways. The plant is native to Europe and North America and grows well in shaded, moist locations.
Propagation by Spores
Propagation by spores is a popular method for Blechnum spicant. Spores are collected from mature fronds and can be spread on top of moist soil or a mixture of sphagnum moss and perlite. The soil or moss mixture should be kept moist and spores will usually germinate within a few weeks to a few months. Once the ferns are a few inches tall, they can be separated and transplanted into individual pots.
Propagation by Division
Blechnum spicant can also be propagated through division. The plant has a rhizomatous root system, which means that new growth can emerge from the roots. To propagate by division, carefully dig up the fern and separate the individual plantlets from each other. Replant the plantlets in individual containers and keep them moist until they become established.
Propagation by Cuttings
Propagation by cuttings is another possible method for Blechnum spicant, although it is less successful than the previous two methods. Take cuttings from the plant's rhizomes and plant them in a mixture of sand, peat moss, and perlite. Keep the cuttings moist and in a shaded area until they root.
Disease management
The Blechnum spicant plant is relatively disease-resistant. However, it may be affected by several diseases, including:
- Fungal leaf spots: This disease causes brown lesions on the leaves. To manage this disease, remove infected leaves, maintain good air circulation, and avoid overhead watering.
- Rust: Rust appears as powdery, orange-yellow spots on the leaves. To manage rust, prune and remove infected leaves, avoid wet foliage, and maintain good air circulation.
- Black stem: This disease causes the stems to turn brown or black and wilt. To manage black stem, remove infected plants immediately, avoid overcrowding, and maintain soil drainage.
Pest management
Blechnum spicant may also be affected by several pests, including:
- Scale insects: Scale insects appear as small, raised bumps on leaves and stems. To manage scale insects, remove affected leaves, prune affected stems, and apply insecticidal soap or oil.
- Slugs and snails: Slugs and snails feed on the leaves and may kill the plant. To manage these pests, handpick them or use traps, such as beer traps. Avoid overhead watering to reduce the humidity that attracts them.
- Spider mites: Spider mites cause yellowing and a stippled appearance on the leaves. To manage spider mites, rinse the leaves with water to remove them or apply insecticidal soap. Maintain good air circulation to prevent these pests from thriving.
