Overview
Biophytum macrorrhizum R.E.Fr. is a plant species belonging to the Oxalidaceae family, which is native to tropical regions of Africa, Madagascar, and Southeast Asia. The plant is widely distributed and has several common names, including the "baby tears" plant, "poison gooseberry," and "tropical pansy."
Appearance
The Biophytum macrorrhizum plant is a low-growing, spreading herb that typically reaches a height of roughly 20-30 cm. The plant has a prostrate stem with succulent leaves that cover any available surface. Its leaves are compound, consisting of five to six small, ovate, and shiny leaflets borne at the tip. The upper surface of the leaves exhibits a brilliant, glossy green while the underside of the leaves is lighter. The plant also produces small and insignificant flowers, which are usually yellow with a hint of red color.
Uses
Biophytum macrorrhizum has many medicinal uses. The plant is used in traditional medicine to treat a wide array of health issues, such as fever, arthritis, and cancer. The plant extract is also used in treating hypertension, gastrointestinal disorder, and bacterial infections. Additionally, the plant is a popular ornamental plant due to its attractive foliage and interesting growth pattern. It is commonly used to decorate gardens, living rooms, and terrariums.
Moreover, the plant has been used for its wound-healing properties. Despite having some toxicity, the plant has a positive impact on human health and shows the opportunity for new drug development.
Light Requirements:
The Biophytum macrorrhizum R.E.Fr. prefers to grow in partially shaded areas where it can get dappled sunlight. Direct sunlight can damage the leaves of the plant. However, too little light can cause the plant to grow lanky and weak. Therefore, a balance of sunlight is essential for optimal growth and development.
Temperature Requirements:
The biophytum macrorrhizum R.E.Fr. thrives in warm, humid environments with fairly stable temperatures. The ideal temperature range for the plant is between 20 and 30 degrees Celsius. However, the plant is also tolerant of slightly cooler temperatures, with growth still possible if the temperature drops to around 10 degrees Celsius. Frost and freezing temperatures are highly detrimental to the plant and can result in death.
Soil Requirements:
Biophytum macrorrhizum R.E.Fr. prefers rich, loamy soil that is well-draining and retains moisture. The soil should have good organic matter content, high fertility, and a neutral pH level around 6.5 to 7.5. The plant is also somewhat tolerant of mildly acidic soils, but extremely acidic soils, with pH levels below 5.5, are unsuitable for growth. Adequate soil moisture is crucial for the plant's growth, but waterlogged conditions are detrimental, leading to root rot and eventual death.
Cultivation Methods of Biophytum macrorrhizum R.E.Fr
Biophytum macrorrhizum R.E.Fr, commonly known as the "Cushion Plant," is a tropical plant that grows best in warm and humid conditions. When planting, it's best to use well-draining soil, which can be made by mixing sand and peat. The plant prefers partial to full shade environment, thus would thrive best under indirect light.
Watering Needs of Biophytum macrorrhizum R.E.Fr
When it comes to watering the Cushion Plant, it's crucial to make sure the soil is moist but not waterlogged. Overwatering can cause root rot, which can kill the plant. It would be best to water the plant when the soil becomes dry to the touch. A well-established Biophytum macrorrhizum R.E.Fr plant would require less water, but younger plants might need more frequent watering.
Fertilization of Biophytum macrorrhizum R.E.Fr
Biophytum macrorrhizum R.E.Fr doesn't need frequent fertilization, but applying a well-balanced fertilizer once every three months can encourage healthier growth and stronger stems. It's essential to avoid using too much fertilizer as it can lead to overfeeding, causing poor growth and poor health of the plant.
Pruning Biophytum macrorrhizum R.E.Fr
Pruning is not necessary for the Cushion Plant as it naturally grows to an average height of six inches. You can remove damaged or wilted leaves or stems immediately to avoid the development of fungus infections. If you would like to regulate the plant's size, you can pluck out the new growth. However, be careful as the plant is delicate, and its branches can easily snap off.
Propagation of Biophytum Macrorrhizum R.E.Fr.
Biophytum macrorrhizum R.E.Fr. can be propagated through various methods including:
1. Seeds
The easiest method of propagation is through seeds which can be easily obtained from mature plants. The seeds should be sown in well-drained soil which has been enriched with organic matter. The soil must be kept moist and should not be allowed to dry out. The seeds will usually germinate within 2-3 weeks.
2. Cuttings
Biophytum macrorrhizum R.E.Fr. can also be propagated through stem cuttings. Cuttings should be taken from healthy plants during the growing season. The cuttings should be about 4-6 inches long and should be taken from the tips of the plant. Dip the cuttings in rooting hormone and plant them in well-drained soil which has been enriched with organic matter. The soil must be kept moist and the cuttings should be kept in a warm and humid environment until they establish roots.
3. Division of Rhizomes
The plant Biophytum macrorrhizum R.E.Fr. can also be propagated through the division of rhizomes. The plant should be dug up carefully, and the rhizome should be separated into smaller sections, each containing few shoots and a portion of the root system. The separated sections should be planted in well-drained soil, watered properly, and kept in a warm and humid environment until they establish roots.
Propagation of Biophytum macrorrhizum R.E.Fr. through any of the above methods is relatively easy and can be done without any special skills or equipment.
Disease and Pest Management for Biophytum macrorrhizum R.E.Fr.
Biophytum macrorrhizum R.E.Fr., commonly known as the bladderwort, is a species of flowering plant native to humid tropics. Though it is known for its medicinal properties and ornamental value, it is susceptible to various pests and diseases.
Pests
The most common pests that affect Biophytum macrorrhizum are:
- Spider mites: These pests suck sap from the plant, causing the leaves to curl and turn yellow. They are often found on the undersides of the leaves. To control spider mites, regularly spray the plant with neem oil or insecticidal soap.
- Aphids: Aphids are tiny insects that suck the sap from the leaves and stems of the plant. They cause the leaves to curl and become distorted. To control aphids, spray the plant with a solution of water and insecticidal soap.
- Mealybugs: These soft-bodied insects form cottony masses on the plant and suck the sap from the leaves and stems. To control mealybugs, dip a cotton swab in rubbing alcohol and wipe the insects off the plant.
- Scale insects: These pests attach themselves to the leaves and stems of the plant and suck the sap. They often form a hard, protective shell that makes them difficult to remove. To control scale insects, scrape them off the plant with a soft-bristled brush and spray with insecticidal soap.
Diseases
The most common diseases that affect Biophytum macrorrhizum are:
- Fungal leaf spots: These are caused by various fungi that produce circular or irregular leaf spots. To control fungal leaf spots, remove and destroy infected leaves and avoid overhead watering.
- Bacterial blight: This disease causes brownish-black lesions on the leaves and stems of the plant. To control bacterial blight, remove and destroy infected plant parts and avoid overhead watering.
- Viral diseases: There are several viral diseases that affect Biophytum macrorrhizum, causing stunted growth, yellowing of leaves, and mottling. To control viral diseases, remove and destroy infected plants and keep the area clean and free of debris.
Prevention is the best strategy for disease and pest management. Plant Biophytum macrorrhizum in well-drained soil, water the plant properly, and avoid overcrowding. Regularly inspect the plant for any signs of pests or diseases and take prompt action to prevent their spread.
