Overview
Bidens ternata (Chiov.) Sherff var. ternata is a flowering plant belonging to the family Asteraceae. It is commonly known as three-lobed beggarticks and is native to Kenya and Tanzania in East Africa.
Appearance
The plant has a sprawling growth habit, growing up to 100 cm in height. The stem is thin and woody, with small green leaves that are three-lobed. The plant produces yellow flowers that are small but numerous, growing in clusters at the end of the stems. The flowers bloom between July and September, and are followed by small barbed fruits that cling to passing animals, helping to disperse the seeds.
Uses
In traditional medicine, the plant is used to treat a variety of ailments such as coughs, pneumonia, and malaria. The roots are boiled to make a bitter-tasting tea, which is taken orally as a remedy for stomach and digestive problems. In some African communities, the plant is used as a fish poison, being introduced into streams and ponds to intoxicate fish for easy catch.
Additionally, this plant has been studied for its potential as a bioherbicide, as its natural compounds have been found to inhibit the growth of other plants. It also has potential as a natural insecticide, helping to control pests that affect crops.
Overall, Bidens ternata (Chiov.) Sherff var. ternata is an attractive plant with potential medicinal and practical uses in traditional medicine, agriculture, and pest management.
Light Requirements
Bidens ternata thrives in bright, indirect sunlight. The plant may also tolerate partial shade, but it's essential to avoid placing it in direct sunlight, as the intense light can scorch the leaves.
Temperature Requirements
The ideal temperature range for the Bidens ternata plant is between 60°F and 75°F. While it can tolerate slightly lower temperatures, it doesn't fare well in extreme cold. Therefore, it's necessary to keep the plant away from drafty areas that may cause a sudden drop in temperature. Additionally, avoid exposing the plant to temperatures above 85°F, as it can harm the plant.
Soil Requirements
Bidens ternata grows best in well-draining soil with a slightly acidic pH of between 6.0 and 6.5. The plant prefers soil that's rich in organic matter and nutrients, such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. You can plant Bidens ternata in a pot or directly in the garden soil, using a good quality potting mix that is light and airy. It's necessary to ensure that the soil remains moist, but avoid overwatering the plant, as it can lead to root rot.
Cultivation
Bidens ternata, also known as the whorled beggarticks, is a perennial plant that requires well-draining soil and full sun to partial shade. It is adaptable to different soil types, including sandy and clay soils.
The plant should be planted in early spring or fall, and the soil should be amended with compost or well-rotted manure before planting to improve the soil structure and provide nutrients to the plant.
Bidens ternata can be propagated through seed or clump division. When propagating through seed, sow the seeds in spring after the last frost or in fall. Cover the seeds with a thin layer of soil and keep the soil moist until the seeds germinate.
Watering Needs
Bidens ternata needs to be watered regularly, especially during hot and dry weather conditions. Water the plant deeply once or twice a week, making sure the water penetrates the soil to a depth of 6 inches. Avoid watering the foliage as this can cause fungal diseases.
The soil should be moist but not waterlogged. Overwatering can lead to root rot and other fungal diseases, while underwatering can cause the plant to wilt and die.
Fertilization
Bidens ternata is a low-maintenance plant and does not require regular fertilization. However, to promote healthy growth and blooming, you can apply a balanced fertilizer once a year in early spring. Avoid over-fertilizing, which can lead to leggy growth and reduced blooming.
It is recommended to use a slow-release fertilizer that gradually releases nutrients over time, providing a steady supply of nutrients to the plant.
Pruning
Bidens ternata does not require extensive pruning, but deadheading spent blooms can encourage new blooming and maintain an attractive appearance. Remove any dead or damaged foliage and stems throughout the growing season to prevent the spread of diseases and pests.
In late fall or early spring, you can cut back the plant to a few inches above the ground to promote healthy and compact growth.
Propagation Methods of Bidens Ternata (Chiov.) Sherff var. Ternata Plant
Bidens ternata (Chiov.) Sherff var. ternata can be propagated by multiple methods that are easy to accomplish. Some of the most common propagation methods for this plant are as follows:
Seeds
Bidens ternata (Chiov.) Sherff var. ternata can be propagated by seeds. The plant produces tiny seeds that can be directly sown in soil. Before sowing, the seed should be collected from a healthy and mature plant. Once the seed is collected, it should be stored in a dry and cool place until it's ready for sowing. Soil preparation is very important for successful seed propagation. The soil should be well-draining and moist, but not waterlogged. Sow the seeds about half an inch deep and cover them with soil. Keep the soil moist, and the seeds will germinate in about two weeks.
Cuttings
Bidens ternata (Chiov.) Sherff var. ternata can also be propagated by stem cuttings. Select a healthy stem of the plant and cut it at an angle. Make sure that the cutting is at least three inches long and has a few leaves attached to it. Dip the cut end of the stem in a rooting hormone solution and plant it in a pot filled with well-draining soil. Keep the soil moist, and place the pot in a warm spot with bright, indirect sunlight. In about four to six weeks, the cutting will start developing roots and will be ready to transplant into a bigger pot or the garden.
Division
Bidens ternata (Chiov.) Sherff var. ternata can also be propagated by division. This propagation method is especially useful for older plants that have outgrown their pots or garden beds. To propagate through division, gently remove the plant from the pot or garden bed and carefully separate the roots into two or three sections using a clean, sharp tool. Make sure that each section has some roots and stems attached to it. Plant each section in a well-draining soil mix and water it well.
Propagation is an essential part of gardening that helps to increase the number of plants while maintaining the plant's desirable genetic characteristics. With the above propagation methods, you can easily propagate Bidens ternata (Chiov.) Sherff var. ternata in your garden or houseplant collection.
Disease Management
Bidens ternata is relatively disease-resistant, but it can still fall victim to a few common diseases, including:
- Leaf spots: These appear as brown or black spots on the leaves and can be caused by various fungi and bacteria.
- Powdery mildew: This fungal disease appears as a white, powdery coating on the leaves, stems, and flowers.
- Root rot: This fungal disease thrives in wet soil and can cause the plant to wilt and eventually die.
To manage these diseases, it's important to follow good cultural practices, such as:
- Planting in well-draining soil
- Avoiding overhead watering
- Cleaning up debris and infected plant material
Fungicides may also be used, but prevention is always the best practice.
Pest Management
Bidens ternata is relatively pest-resistant, but a few insects might be problematic. These include:
- Aphids: These small, soft-bodied insects suck the sap from the leaves and stems, causing distortion and stunted growth.
- Spider mites: These tiny pests also suck the sap from the plant, causing yellowing and eventually death.
For managing these pests, try to encourage natural predators, such as ladybugs or lacewings. Insecticidal soap and horticultural oil sprays can also be effective, but it's important to follow the label instructions carefully.
