Description of Bidens steppia (Steetz) Sherff var. leptocarpa Sherff
Bidens steppia (Steetz) Sherff var. leptocarpa Sherff, also known as slender-fruited bur-marigold, is a herbaceous and annual plant species that belongs to the family Asteraceae. It is primarily found in North America and Asia, particularly in the regions of China, Japan, and Korea.
Common Names
Bidens steppia var. leptocarpa is commonly known by several names, including slender-fruited bur-marigold, small-fruited bur-marigold, slim-fruit beggartick, and needleseed beggarticks.
Appearance
The slender-fruited bur-marigold has a slender and erect stem that can grow from 30 to 150 cm tall. Its leaves are two to three times pinnately compound and can have up to 13 leaflets that are ovate to linear in shape. It produces one or more flower heads, which have a diameter of approximately 8 mm and consists of small yellow disc florets and no ray florets.
The fruit of Bidens steppia var. leptocarpa is an achene that has a length of approximately 7 to 10 mm and a width of only 1 mm, making it slender and needle-like.
Uses
Bidens steppia var. leptocarpa has several uses in traditional Chinese medicine as a treatment for digestive problems and inflammation. Its roots are used in Korean folk medicine to treat rheumatism, and it is also sometimes used to treat headaches and menstrual cramps.
As an ornamental plant, Bidens steppia var. leptocarpa is grown for its attractive and delicate flowers, which make it a popular choice in gardens and landscapes.
Additionally, Bidens steppia var. leptocarpa has potential uses in the bioremediation of contaminated soil, particularly for soils contaminated with heavy metals. Its ability to accumulate metals such as cadmium and copper makes it a promising candidate for phytoremediation.
Light Requirements
Bidens steppia requires full sun exposure to grow and flourish. It can be planted in areas that receive direct sunlight or areas with partial shade, but it grows better in full sun.
Temperature Requirements
The optimal temperature range for Bidens steppia growth is between 18°C and 32°C. It can withstand temperature fluctuations, but it cannot tolerate frost or temperatures below 0°C. Therefore, it is best grown in areas with mild to warm temperatures.
Soil Requirements
Bidens steppia prefers well-drained soils with a pH range of 6.6 to 7.5. It can tolerate slightly acidic soils, but it does not grow well in heavy, compacted, or waterlogged soils. The addition of organic matter can help improve soil quality and fertility.
Cultivation Methods:
Bidens steppia can be grown both in pots and gardens under full sunlight. The optimum temperature for growth is between 25 and 30 degrees Celsius. It thrives in well-drained soil with a slightly acidic or neutral pH.
The plant requires occasional pruning to maintain its growth and productivity, and it can be propagated through seeds or cuttings. It is a hardy plant that can withstand periods of drought and low moisture levels.
Watering Needs:
The Bidens steppia requires moderate watering, and the soil should be kept moist but not waterlogged. Overwatering can lead to root rot and other fungal infections, whereas under-watering can cause wilting, stunting and poor growth.
It is recommended to water the plant once or twice a week, depending on the climate and weather conditions. During the dry season, the frequency of watering may need to be increased to maintain healthy growth.
Fertilization:
Bidens steppia is a plant that benefits from regular fertilization, especially during the growing season. A balanced fertilizer with equal amounts of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium can be applied every two weeks to provide optimal nutrition.
Organic fertilizers such as compost, manure, and bone meal can also be used to improve soil nutrient levels and enhance plant growth.
Pruning:
Pruning is a crucial part of the Bidens steppia cultivation process as it helps to maintain the shape and size of the plant, and promotes new growth. Pruning should be done in the early spring or fall before the flowering season.
The plant should be pruned to remove any dead or diseased branches, and to thin out the dense growth. This helps to create a well-aerated environment and improve the overall health of the plant.
Furthermore, Bidens steppia can also be used as a bedding plant, ground cover or border plant, and as a cut flower for floral arrangements.
Propagation of Bidens steppia (Steetz) Sherff var. leptocarpa Sherff
Bidens steppia (Steetz) Sherff var. leptocarpa Sherff, commonly known as the tickseed sunflower, belongs to the Asteraceae family and is native to the Great Plains of North America. This attractive annual herb with its bright yellow flowers and delicate foliage is a great addition to any garden. Propagation of Bidens steppia can be easily achieved through various methods such as by seeds or stem cuttings.
Propagation by seeds
The simplest method of propagating Bidens steppia is through seeds. Collect the seeds from matured flowers as soon as the petals fall. Sow the seeds directly into the ground after the last expected frost date or start them indoors six to eight weeks before the last expected frost. The seeds need sunlight to germinate, so avoid burying them too deep. A thin layer of soil over the seeds should be enough. Keep the soil moist, and once the seedlings reach a height of 2-3 inches, transplant them outdoors to their permanent location. Alternatively, they can be transplanted to a larger container for growing until they are ready to be moved into the garden.
Propagation by stem cuttings
Propagation of Bidens steppia can also be achieved by stem cuttings. Take cuttings from healthy plants during the early summer mornings when the plant is actively growing. Prepare the cuttings by making sharp, clean cuts just above a node, and place them in a container filled with a rooting hormone powder. Ensure the container has enough moisture and humidity. Keep the container in a warm, bright window location, and mist the cuttings every few days to ensure adequate moisture. Once roots have formed, transplant the cuttings to their permanent location in the garden.
By following these two simple methods, you can easily propagate Bidens steppia and enjoy its bright yellow flowers and delicate foliage throughout the gardening season.
Disease and Pest Management for Bidens Steppia
Bidens Steppia is generally resistant to diseases and pest infestations, but specific conditions may lead to the susceptibility of the plant to certain pests and diseases. Here are some common problems that may affect the plant and how to manage them:
Diseases
Mildew: Powdery mildew can appear as a white powdery coating on the leaves and stems of Bidens Steppia. This fungal disease occurs in conditions of high humidity and low ventilation. To prevent powdery mildew, ensure the plant has adequate space and airflow. Regularly remove and dispose of any infected leaves, and avoid watering the plant from above to prevent moisture buildup on leaves.
Rust: Rust is a fungal disease that appears as rusty spots on the leaves of the plant. It is prevalent in moist environments and may cause the leaves to yellow and fall off. To prevent rust, ensure the plant's growing environment is dry, with adequate airflow and distance between plants. Regularly remove infected plant parts to contain the disease's spread.
Pests
Aphids: Aphids are small insects that suck the sap from the leaves and stems of the plant, causing them to curl and deform. To control aphids, spray the plant with a strong jet of water to dislodge the insects. Use insecticidal soap or neem oil as a natural deterrent to kill the pests.
Slugs and snails: Slugs and snails are known to feed on the young leaves of Bidens Steppia. They leave behind slime trails, making it easy to detect their presence. To control these pests, remove any debris and hiding places around the plant, as they could harbor the slugs and snails. Apply a slug and snail bait, such as iron phosphate, around the plant to deter them from feeding.
Proper plant care practices, such as regular watering, pruning, and fertilization, go a long way in keeping Bidens Steppia healthy and resistant to diseases and pests. Additionally, it's essential to monitor the plant regularly for any signs of pests and diseases and take appropriate measures to control them before they inflict significant damage.
