Origin of Bidens prestinariaeformis
Bidens prestinariaeformis (Vatke) Cufod. is a plant species that is native to Africa. It is commonly found in sandy areas and riverbanks in countries like Ethiopia, Kenya, Somalia, and Sudan.
Common Names of Bidens prestinariaeformis
Bidens prestinariaeformis goes by several common names, including African beggarticks, devil’s needles, and Spanish needles. These names are often used to describe the plant's ability to burrow its small, sharp seeds into clothing, skin, and animal fur, leading to discomfort and irritation.
Uses of Bidens prestinariaeformis
Bidens prestinariaeformis has several medicinal uses in traditional African medicine. The plant is thought to have anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic properties and has been used to manage conditions such as headaches, fever, and pain. Some studies have also suggested that the plant may have antimicrobial effects and could be useful in treating bacterial infections.
In addition to its medicinal uses, Bidens prestinariaeformis is also used for several other purposes. The plant's seeds are sometimes ground into a flour and used to make porridge, while its leaves are sometimes used as a spinach substitute. The plant is also commonly grown as an ornamental and is sometimes used in landscaping projects.
General Appearance of Bidens prestinariaeformis
Bidens prestinariaeformis is a slender, erect annual herb that can grow up to 90cm in height. The plant has pinnate leaves that are arranged opposite each other along the stem. The leaves are usually toothed and can vary in size from 1-10cm long. The plant produces small, yellow flowers that bloom from August to October. These flowers are followed by small seeds that are covered in barbed bristles which give the plant its common names.
Light Requirements
Bidens prestinariaeformis thrives in areas with full sun to partial shade. It requires at least 6 hours of sunlight daily to promote healthy growth and development. When grown in low-light conditions, the plant will become leggy, produce fewer flowers, and experience stunted growth.
Temperature Requirements
This plant prefers a warm and humid climate and typically grows best in temperatures that range from 70-85°F (21-29°C). When temperatures drop below 50°F (10°C), the plant growth will slow down, and the leaves may start to wilt. During winter dormancy, the plant should be kept at a constant temperature of around 60-65°F (15-18°C).
Soil Requirements
Bidens prestinariaeformis requires well-draining soils rich in nutrients. A loamy or sandy soil mixture with a pH between 6.0 and 7.5 is ideal. Soil that is too dense or clay-like can lead to waterlogged roots and soil deficiencies. Adding organic material such as compost or manure can help improve soil texture and fertility.
Cultivation
Bidens prestinariaeformis, commonly known as African beggartick, is a herbaceous plant that can grow up to 1 meter high. It is easy to grow and can be cultivated from seeds or cuttings.
When cultivating from seeds, they should be sown in a well-draining substrate, with a depth of 1-2 cm, and kept moist until they germinate. Seedlings should be transplanted into larger pots or directly into the ground after a few weeks, making sure to keep the soil moist:
For cuttings, take a stem cutting of about 10 cm in length, remove the leaves from the lower part of the stem, and place it in a pot filled with a well-draining substrate. Keep the substrate moist until new growth appears, and then transplant the cutting into a larger pot or directly into the ground.
Watering Needs
Bidens prestinariaeformis prefers moist soil but does not tolerate waterlogging. Watering should be done regularly, especially during the growing season, and reduced during the winter months when the plant is dormant. Overwatering may cause root rot and should be avoided.
Fertilization
Bidens prestinariaeformis prefers well-draining soil rich in organic matter. Therefore, when cultivating this plant, it is recommended to add some compost or organic fertilizer during planting or transplanting. During the growing season, apply a balanced, slow-release fertilizer every two months to improve plant growth and flowering.
Pruning
Pruning Bidens prestinariaeformis is not necessary for its growth, but it can help to promote bushy growth and prevent the plant from becoming leggy. Regular deadheading of spent flowers can also encourage new growth. Pruning should be done in the early spring when new growth begins, and it is recommended to remove up to one-third of the plant's total size.
Propagation of Bidens prestinariaeformis
Bidens prestinariaeformis, commonly known as "Devil's Net" is a perennial herbaceous plant species that belongs to the family Asteraceae. It is native to East Africa, especially Ethiopia, and grows well in tropical and subtropical climatic conditions.
Propagation by seed
Bidens prestinariaeformis can be propagated by seeds, which are produced in the flower heads and ripen after flowering. They can be collected and sown in well-drained potting mix during late summer or early fall. Stratification of seeds at a cool room temperature or in a fridge for 2-3 months can improve germination rates. Sow the seeds on the surface of the potting mix, cover with a thin layer of soil, and maintain moist soil.
The seedlings should emerge after 2-3 weeks, and they can be transplanted into individual pots or to the garden when they are strong enough to handle. It is important to harden the seedlings off by gradually exposing them to sunlight and outdoor conditions before planting them in the garden.
Propagation by division
Bidens prestinariaeformis can also be propagated by division, which involves separating the clumps of existing plants into smaller sections and replanting them in other areas of the garden where they can grow and establish themselves. This method requires a mature parent plant that has already developed clumps or multiples stems.
To divide the plant, gently dig it out of the soil, taking care not to damage the roots. Using a sharp and sterile cutting tool, cut the plant into smaller sections, ensuring that each section has a healthy set of roots and stems. Replant the divided sections into pots or directly into the garden, keeping the soil moist to help them establish.
Propagation by cuttings
Bidens prestinariaeformis can also be propagated by stem cuttings. This method involves taking a stem cutting from the parent plant and planting it in soil until it establishes itself and starts to grow new roots and shoots.
To take a stem cutting, choose a healthy, mature stem from the parent plant and cut it just below a leaf node. Remove the lower leaves and plant the stem cutting in well-draining soil, keeping it moist and out of direct sunlight. Within a few weeks, new roots and shoots should emerge, indicating that the plant is establishing itself.
Overall, Bidens prestinariaeformis is a plant species that can be propagated through various methods, including seed propagation, division, and stem cuttings. Gardeners and horticulturists can use one or more of these propagation methods to propagate the plant with success.
Disease and Pest Management for Bidens prestinariaeformis
Bidens prestinariaeformis, also known as Bidens spekei, is a tropical plant species belonging to the family Asteraceae. Like any other plant, it is vulnerable to attack by pests and diseases that can cause severe damage to the plant and reduce its yield.
Common Diseases Affecting Bidens prestinariaeformis
Bidens prestinariaeformis is susceptible to several diseases that can negatively affect its health and productivity. Some of the most common diseases affecting this plant include:
- Rust: It is a fungal disease that affects the leaves and stems of the plant. It causes reddish-brown spots with powdery growths on the plant parts.
- Leaf spots: It is a bacterial disease that causes black or brown spots on the leaves of the plant. The spots may have a yellow halo around them, and they can merge together, causing the leaves to dry and drop.
- Root rot: It is a fungal disease that affects the roots of the plant. It causes the roots to rot, turn brown, and wither. The plant becomes weak, stunted, and may die.
Management of Diseases
To manage diseases affecting Bidens prestinariaeformis, the following practices can be adopted:
- Use disease-free seeds: It is essential to use disease-free seeds when planting Bidens prestinariaeformis. Ensure that the seeds are obtained from a reliable source.
- Crop rotation: Alternate the planting of Bidens prestinariaeformis with other crops to prevent the buildup of disease organisms in the soil.
- Sanitation: Keep the growing area free of plant debris, fallen leaves, and weeds that can harbor disease organisms. Also, disinfect the tools and equipment used in the garden regularly.
- Fungicides and bactericides: If the disease is severe, apply recommended fungicides or bactericides to control the disease. Follow the instructions on the label and observe the re-entry intervals.
Common Pests Affecting Bidens prestinariaeformis
Bidens prestinariaeformis can also be attacked by pests that can cause significant damage to the plant. The following are some common pests affecting the plant:
- Aphids: They are small, soft-bodied insects that suck sap from the leaves, stems, and flowers of the plant. Heavy infestations can cause stunted growth, wilt, and distortion of plant parts.
- Spider mites: They are tiny, eight-legged insects that feed on the plant sap, causing bronzing, yellowing, and drying of the leaves.
- Whiteflies: They are small, white, moth-like insects that suck sap from the leaves, causing them to yellow and drop. They also secrete honeydew, which attracts ants and promotes the growth of black sooty mold.
Management of Pests
To manage pests affecting Bidens prestinariaeformis, the following practices can be adopted:
- Mechanical control: Handpick the pests and squish them or use a strong spray of water to knock them off the plant. This control is effective when the pest infestation is low.
- Biological control: Introduce natural predators such as ladybugs, lacewings, and parasitic wasps to control the pest population.
- Insecticides: If the pest infestation is severe, apply recommended insecticides. Follow the instructions on the label, and observe the pre-harvest interval.
