Overview
Bidens molokaiensis (Hbd.) Sherff, commonly known as the Molokai beggartick, is a species of flowering plant in the sunflower family, Asteraceae. It is endemic to Molokai, one of the Hawaiian islands, where it can be found in wet forests and along streams.
Description
Bidens molokaiensis is a perennial herb that can grow up to 1.5 meters tall. It has a woody stem and branches, and its leaves are green and lance-shaped. The plant produces small, yellow flowers that are about 1 cm in diameter. The flowers are arranged in clusters at the end of the branches and bloom from late summer to early winter.
Uses
The Molokai beggartick has several traditional uses among the Hawaiian people. The leaves and stems of the plant were boiled and used to treat stomach aches, headaches, and fever. The plant was also used externally to treat cuts and bruises. The fibers from the stem were used to make cordage and were woven into baskets and mats.
Today, Bidens molokaiensis is cultivated as an ornamental plant and can be used for landscaping due to its attractive yellow flowers and lush green foliage.
Light Requirements
Bidens molokaiensis thrives in areas with full sun exposure. It requires at least six hours of direct sunlight each day to develop foliage, flowers, and fruits. This plant cannot grow well in shaded areas or under dense canopies.
Temperature Requirements
This species of Bidens is native to Hawaii and grows best in warm climatic conditions. The ideal temperature range for growth is between 20 and 30 degrees Celsius. Temperatures below 10°C and above 35°C may lead to leaf dropping, stunted growth, or death of the plant.
Soil Requirements
Bidens molokaiensis prefers well-drained and fertile soils. The soil pH should be within the range of 5.5 to 6.5. The plant can thrive in a wide variety of soil types ranging from loam, sandy loam, to clayey soils.
It is important to note that this plant is intolerant to waterlogged soils since they limit oxygen availability to the roots, leading to root rot and ultimately plant death. Regular watering should be done to keep the soil moist but not saturated with water.
Cultivation
Bidens molokaiensis (Hbd.) Sherff is a native Hawaiian plant that grows well in areas with a warm climate, full sun exposure, and well-draining soil. It requires a planting location with good air circulation, and the soil pH should range between 5 to 7.5. Planting after rainfall or watering can prevent the plant from drying out during the initial growth period.
Watering Needs
Bidens molokaiensis (Hbd.) Sherff requires regular watering to remain fresh and healthy. While generally drought-tolerant, they benefit from frequent watering during dry seasons. It is crucial not to overwater as this can lead to root rot. We recommend watering the plant deeply and allowing the soil to dry before the next watering cycle to avoid waterlogging roots, stressing the plant, and inhibiting growth.
Fertilization
Fertilizer application is essential for plant growth and development, and Bidens molokaiensis (Hbd.) Sherff is not an exception. We recommend using a low dose, time-released fertilizer to avoid over-fertilizing. The frequency of fertilizer application depends on the plant size and stage of growth. It's best to apply a slow-release fertilizer every six months to promote healthy growth.
Pruning
Bidens molokaiensis (Hbd.) Sherff requires minimal pruning. It is best to remove old or fading flowers, seeds, and stem tips every three months to maintain a tidy appearance and promote new growth. When done correctly, pruning can encourage healthy branching and ensure that the plant remains healthy and attractive.
Propagation of Bidens Molokaiensis
Bidens molokaiensis (Hbd.) Sherff, commonly known as Molokai Beggarticks, is a Hawaiian plant species belonging to the family Asteraceae. The plant can be propagated primarily through its seeds and cuttings.
Seeds Propagation
Seeds of Bidens molokaiensis can be easily collected from ripe seed heads. The collected seeds should be carefully dried and stored for propagation. Seeds can be sown directly into the ground or in seed trays filled with well-draining soil. Germination usually occurs within 1-2 weeks. Once the seedlings have 2-3 leaves, they can be transplanted to their proper location in the garden or grown in pots until they are mature enough to be planted.
Cuttings Propagation
Bidens molokaiensis can also be propagated through stem cuttings. Cuttings should be taken from mature plants during the active growing season. Cuttings should be 4-6 inches long and should have at least 2-3 leaves. Cuttings should be dipped in rooting hormone and planted in well-draining soil mixture. The cuttings should be kept in a warm, moist environment until new roots have formed. Once the plant has developed a root system, it can be transplanted into its permanent location or grown in a pot until it reaches maturity.
Overall, Bidens molokaiensis is easy to propagate and can be grown from seeds or cuttings. Successful propagation ensures a healthy plant population, which is important for the conservation of this unique Hawaiian species.
Disease Management
Bidens molokaiensis is susceptible to various diseases that can negatively impact the plant's health and productivity. Common diseases that affect the plant include:
- Anthracnose: This is a fungal disease that causes dark, sunken spots on leaves and stems. It can lead to premature leaf drop and defoliation. The disease is spread by splashing water and can be managed by growing disease-resistant cultivars, maintaining proper plant spacing, and controlling weeds that can harbor the disease.
- Leaf Spot: This is a fungal disease that causes circular spots on leaves. The spots are typically brown or black and have a yellow halo. Infected leaves eventually turn brown and drop. The disease can be managed by removing and destroying infected foliage, ensuring proper plant spacing, and avoiding overhead watering.
- Root Rot: This disease is caused by various soil-borne fungi and can lead to stunted growth, yellowing leaves, and plant death. It can be prevented by ensuring proper drainage, avoiding overwatering, and planting in well-draining soil.
Pest Management
Bidens molokaiensis can also be attacked by several pests that can cause damage to the plant. Common pests and ways to manage them include:
- Aphids: These are tiny insects that suck sap from the plant, causing stunted growth and distorted leaves. They can be managed by spraying plants with a strong stream of water or by releasing natural enemies like ladybugs and lacewings.
- Spider Mites: These pests are minuscule and can be hard to detect without a magnifying glass. They feed on the underside of leaves and cause stippling and yellowing of foliage. They can be managed by ensuring proper plant hydration, avoiding overhead watering, and releasing predatory mites or insects like ladybugs.
- Thrips: These pests feed on the plants' tissues, causing distorted leaves and stunted growth. They can be managed by releasing predatory insects like lacewings or ladybugs, or by applying insecticidal soap or neem oil.
