Bidens macroptera (Sch.Bip. ex Chiov.) Mesfin: Overview
Bidens macroptera is a flowering plant that belongs to the Asteraceae family and is known for its medicinal properties. It is commonly found in Ethiopia, Burundi, Tanzania, and Uganda. The plant is also known by several other common names, including "Guramarg" in Ethiopia, "Mbidde" in Burundi and Tanzania, and "Katwire" in Uganda.
Appearance
The plant grows up to a height of 1.5 meters and has a slender stem with branches at the top. The leaves of Bidens macroptera are green and smooth, with an ovate shape and a pointed tip. The flowers are small, yellow in color, and have a double-layered set of petals that surround a bright yellow center. The fruits are achenes, about 5-7 mm long, with hooked bristles at one end.
Uses
There are several traditional uses of Bidens macroptera across East Africa. In Ethiopia, the roots and leaves of the plant are used to treat a variety of ailments such as diabetes, hypertension, and snake bites. The plant is also used to alleviate pain, inflammation and is used as a tonic to stimulate appetite. In Burundi, the leaves are used in the treatment of intestinal worms, while in Tanzania, the plant is used for its antimicrobial properties. In Uganda, the plant is used as a sedative to treat anxiety and insomnia.
Bidens macroptera has also been found to contain various phytochemicals, including flavonoids and alkaloids. Research has demonstrated its anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antimicrobial properties. In addition, Bidens macroptera is used in traditional medicine to treat female infertility and as a contraceptive.
Conclusion
Bidens macroptera is a medicinal plant that has been used for centuries in traditional medicine across East Africa. Its diverse uses and phytochemical composition make it an interesting plant for further research. However, it is important to note that the use of traditional medicine should be accompanied by proper medical supervision.
Light Requirements
Bidens macroptera requires a significant amount of sunlight for optimal growth. It is recommended that they receive at least six hours of direct sunlight each day.
Temperature Requirements
Bidens macroptera grows best at temperatures ranging from 18 to 30 degrees Celsius. Temperatures below 10 degrees Celsius may cause harm to the plant, while temperatures above 35 degrees Celsius may cause the plant to dry out.
Soil Requirements
Bidens macroptera prefers well-drained soil that is rich in organic matter. The soil should have a pH of 6.0 to 7.0 and should be kept moist. Sandy or loamy soils are best for Bidens macroptera as heavy clay soils may cause root rot due to poor drainage.
Cultivation Methods for Bidens Macroptera
Bidens macroptera is a low-maintenance plant that is relatively easy to cultivate. It grows best in well-draining soils that have a neutral to slightly acidic pH. If grown indoors, it should be kept in a location that receives ample sunlight. Outdoor plants should be protected from strong winds and heavy rainfall.
Watering Needs for Bidens Macroptera
Bidens macroptera requires regular watering, but care should be taken not to over-water the plant. The soil should be kept moist, but not waterlogged. Over-watering can lead to root rot and other moisture-related issues. Watering should be reduced in the winter months when the plant is dormant.
Fertilization for Bidens Macroptera
Bidens macroptera benefits from regular fertilization during the growing season. A balanced, water-soluble fertilizer can be used every two to three weeks during the growing season. The fertilizer should be mixed according to the manufacturer's instructions and applied to the soil around the base of the plant.
Pruning for Bidens Macroptera
Bidens macroptera benefits from regular pruning to encourage bushier growth and to remove any dead or damaged foliage. Pinching off the tips of new growth can encourage branching and produce a fuller plant. Any dead or damaged growth should be removed as soon as possible to prevent the spread of disease.
Propagation of Bidens macroptera
Bidens macroptera (Sch.Bip. ex Chiov.) Mesfin, commonly known as Hageremane in Amharic, is a medicinal plant used in traditional Ethiopian medicine. Propagation of this plant can be achieved through various methods, including:
Seed Propagation
Seeds are the most common way of propagating Bidens macroptera. The seeds should be obtained from a healthy and mature plant. Harvesting the seeds should be done when the fruit heads have turned brown and dry. Once harvested, the seeds should be cleaned and dried under shade. The dried seeds can then be stored in a cool and dry place until use.
For successful germination, the seeds should be scarified (nicked) or soaked in water for 24 to 48 hours before planting. Planting should be done in well-drained soil that has been mixed with organic matter. Seeds should be planted at a depth of 2 to 3 mm and watered regularly. The seedlings can be transplanted after they have developed 4-5 true leaves.
Cuttings Propagation
Cuttings can also be used to propagate Bidens macroptera. Softwood cuttings should be taken from healthy and mature plants during the growing season. Cuttings should be taken from the top part of the stem and should include at least two nodes. The cuttings should be kept under shade and immediately placed in a rooting hormone. They should then be planted in well-drained soil mixed with organic matter. The cuttings should be watered regularly, and within 2-4 weeks, they will develop roots.
Division Propagation
Bidens macroptera can also be propagated through division. The plant should be dug up and divided into smaller sections. Each section should have roots and at least one healthy shoot. The divided sections should be immediately planted in well-drained soil mixed with organic matter. They should be watered regularly, and new growth can be expected in a few weeks.
Disease Management for Bidens macroptera (Sch.Bip. ex Chiov.) Mesfin
Bidens macroptera is generally a healthy plant species, but they are not immune to diseases. Some of the common diseases that might affect Bidens macroptera include:
- Leaf spots: These are a common fungal disease that affect the leaves of the plant. They appear as small, circular brown or black spots on the leaves.
- Powdery mildew: This is a fungal disease that creates a white, powdery coating on the leaves of the plant. It inhibits the plant's ability to photosynthesize, reducing growth and yield.
- Root rot: This is a fungal disease that affects the plant's roots, causing them to decay. This leads to a reduction in nutrient and water uptake, stunted growth, and wilting of the plant.
To manage these diseases, it is recommended to:
- Plant the Bidens macroptera in well-drained soils with good air circulation to reduce the risk of fungal disease.
- Remove infected leaves to minimize the spread of disease.
- Use fungicides to control disease outbreaks and prevent further spread.
- Ensure that there is proper irrigation and avoid overwatering the plant to prevent root rot.
Pest Management for Bidens macroptera (Sch.Bip. ex Chiov.) Mesfin
Bidens macroptera is also susceptible to pest infestations. Some common pests that might attack Bidens macroptera include:
- Aphids: These are small insects that feed on the sap of the plant. They can cause a reduction in plant growth and infect the plant with viruses.
- Spider mites: These are tiny pests that can cause extensive damage to the plant by sucking on the sap and creating small wounds on the leaves. They can cause leaf discoloration and deformation, which can lead to the stunted growth of the plant.
- Thrips: These are tiny insects that feed on the plant sap and cause leaf distortion and discoloration. They can also spread viruses, causing further damage to the plant.
To manage these pests, it is recommended to:
- Use insecticidal soap or neem oil to control aphid infestations.
- Use predatory mites or insecticides to control spider mite infestations.
- Remove infected plant tissue and use insecticides to control thrips infestations.
- Encourage the presence of natural predators like ladybugs and lacewings to control pest infestations.
