Overview of Bidens macrocarpa (Gray) Sherff var. ovatifolia (Gray) Sherff
Bidens macrocarpa (Gray) Sherff var. ovatifolia (Gray) Sherff is a plant species in the family Asteraceae. The plant is also known as oval-leafed bur marigold and large-fruited beggarticks. The plant is native to the United States of America, specifically the Louisiana, Arkansas and Missouri states.
Appearance
The oval-leafed bur marigold is a herbaceous perennial plant that can grow up to 1.5 metres tall. It can grow in damp soil, wetlands, swamps and creek banks. The plant blooms between August and October, bearing yellow flowers that are 1-2 centimetres in diameter. The foliage of the plant is dark green in colour and has a rough texture. The plant also bears fruits that are small, elongated and covered in barbed bristles.
Uses
The roots and leaves of the oval-leafed bur marigold have been used traditionally by Native American tribes as a medicinal herb for various purposes. The plant is known to have anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties and can be used to ease pain. The plant also has diuretic properties and can be used to increase urine production. The oval-leafed bur marigold is also popular as an ornamental plant and is grown in gardens for its beautiful yellow flowers.
However, caution should be exercised when handling the plant as the fruits are covered in barbed bristles that can stick to clothing and skin, causing irritation and discomfort.
Conclusion
Overall, Bidens macrocarpa (Gray) Sherff var. ovatifolia (Gray) Sherff is a versatile plant species with medicinal and ornamental uses. Its distinctive features make it an interesting addition to any garden or natural habitat.
Light Requirements
For optimal growth, Bidens macrocarpa var. ovatifolia requires full sunlight, which means at least six hours of direct sunlight daily. However, it can also grow in partial shade, but the flowering may be affected.
Temperature Requirements
Being a native plant of North America, Bidens macrocarpa var. ovatifolia prefers mild to warm temperatures. The optimal temperature range for the growth of this plant is between 20°C and 30°C. If the temperature drops below -5°C, it may experience frostbite and, in severe cases, may die.
Soil Requirements
Bidens macrocarpa var. ovatifolia prefers well-drained soils with sufficient organic matter and nutrients. The pH level of the soil should be slightly acidic, ideally between 6.0 and 7.0. The plant cannot tolerate waterlogged soils, which can lead to root rot. Therefore, it is important to avoid overwatering and ensure adequate drainage.
Cultivation Methods
Bidens macrocarpa (Gray) Sherff var. ovatifolia (Gray) Sherff, also known as bigfruit beggarticks, is a herbaceous perennial plant that can grow up to four feet tall. This plant generally prefers full sun to partial shade and well-drained soils. When planting, make sure to leave enough space between plants to allow room for growth and proper air circulation. A spacing of 18-24 inches between plants is ideal. Additionally, it is recommended to plant this species in the Spring or Fall in the temperate regions.
Watering Needs
The watering needs of Bidens macrocarpa vary depending on the climate and soil moisture. Generally, this plant prefers consistent and even moisture levels. The soil should be kept moist but not waterlogged. The amount of water required will depend on the soil type, temperature, wind and humidity. Regular monitoring of the plant during dry seasons is essential to keep it hydrated. As a rule of thumb, watering once or twice a week is recommended.
Fertilization
Bidens macrocarpa generally does not require heavy fertilization. However, it can benefit from a light application of balanced fertilizer in early spring and mid-summer. A slow-release fertilizer applied during the early spring will help promote healthy growth and prepare the plant for the upcoming growing season. Be sure to follow the manufacturer's instructions for the application of the fertilizer.
Pruning
Pruning beggarticks is not necessary, but it can help to promote bushier growth and a fuller appearance. Deadheading or removing spent blooms can also help to prolong the flowering period. Pruning can occur anytime, but a good time is late winter or early spring before the growing season starts.
Propagation of Bidens macrocarpa var. ovatifolia
Bidens macrocarpa var. ovatifolia can be propagated through the following methods:
Seed Propagation
The most common method of propagation for Bidens macrocarpa var. ovatifolia is through seeds. The seeds can be collected from the plant in autumn or winter, and sown directly into the soil in the spring. It is ideal to sow the seeds in a mixture of sand and peat moss, and to keep the soil moist while the plant is germinating. Seedlings will generally emerge within 2-3 weeks.
Cuttings
Bidens macrocarpa var. ovatifolia can also be propagated through stem cuttings. This method involves cutting a stem from the plant and placing it in a rooting hormone. Once the cutting has been treated, it can be planted in a mixture of peat moss and sand. The cutting should be kept moist while it is developing roots, which can take several weeks. Once roots have developed, the new plant can be transplanted into a larger container or directly into the ground.
Division
Bidens macrocarpa var. ovatifolia can also be propagated through division. This method of propagation involves digging up the plant and separating it into smaller sections. Each section should have its own set of roots and stems. Once separated, each section can be planted in its own container or directly into the ground. It is important to keep newly divided plants well-watered while they are establishing roots.
Disease Management
Bidens macrocarpa (Gray) Sherff var. ovatifolia (Gray) Sherff is particularly susceptible to fungal diseases caused by pathogens such as Botrytis cinerea, rust, and powdery mildew. The following are ways to manage these diseases:
- Sanitation: Regularly remove plant debris, such as fallen leaves and stems, to prevent the spread of fungi.
- Fungicides: Apply fungicides at the first sign of infection. Be sure to follow the manufacturer's instructions and take precautions to protect yourself and other plants in the area.
- Cultural practices: Promote good air circulation and avoid overhead irrigation to prevent the spread of fungi.
Pest Management
Bidens macrocarpa (Gray) Sherff var. ovatifolia (Gray) Sherff is also vulnerable to pest infestations, including aphids, spider mites, and thrips. Pest management options include:
- Natural predators: Encourage the presence of natural predators such as ladybugs and lacewings to control pest populations.
- Insecticidal soap: Use insecticidal soap to control aphids and spider mites. Be sure to follow the manufacturer's instructions and avoid spraying during the hottest part of the day to prevent leaf burn.
- Systemic insecticides: Systemic insecticides can be used to control thrips. These insecticides are absorbed by the plant and kill insects that feed on it. However, they can be harmful to beneficial insects and should be used sparingly.
