Origin
Bidens heterodoxa (Fern.) Fern. & St. John, commonly known as the swamp beggar-ticks, has its origin in the United States and is distributed in the Southeast region, including Virginia, Florida, and Texas.
Common Names
The plant is commonly referred to as swamp beggar-ticks due to its preferred growing habitat in wetlands, marshes, and swamps. Other names for the plant include devil's needles, sticktights, Spanish needles, and needle-leaf beggar-ticks due to its thin, sharp seeds.
Uses
Bidens heterodoxa has several medicinal properties, with some studies showing that the plant may contain compounds that relieve pain and inflammation. Additionally, the plant's leaves can be used to make tea-like infusions that help reduce fever and fight infections. Some wild birds and animals also consume the plant as a food source.
General Appearance
The Bidens heterodoxa plant grows up to three feet tall and is characterized by its oval-shaped, toothed leaves that are deep green in color. The plant produces yellow, daisy-like flowers that bloom in late summer and fall. The plant's fruit is a small, flat, two-seeded achene or burr that is covered in stiff, barbed bristles.
Light Requirements
Bidens heterodoxa typically grows in full sun to partial shade. It requires at least six hours of direct sunlight per day to thrive. However, in hotter climates, partial shade is recommended, especially during the afternoon.
Temperature Requirements
Bidens heterodoxa is native to warm temperate to subtropical regions, and it prefers warm temperatures ranging from 60-80°F (15-26°C). It is not frost tolerant and is best grown in USDA hardiness zones 9-11.
Soil Requirements
Bidens heterodoxa prefers moist, fertile, and well-draining soils. It can tolerate a wide range of soil types, including clay, sand, and loam. However, it prefers soils with a neutral to slightly acidic pH range of 6.0 to 7.5. Regular watering is necessary to maintain soil moisture levels, but it is essential not to overwater, as it can lead to root rot.
Cultivation Methods
Bidens heterodoxa is commonly known as the Fern-leaved beggartick and is an easy plant to grow. It can be propagated through seeds and cuttings. The plant grows well in full sunlight and partial shades. It prefers fertile, well-drained soil that is kept moist but not waterlogged.
Watering Needs
Bidens heterodoxa requires regular watering to keep the soil moist. The amount of water should be such that the soil is not allowed to dry out yet not waterlogged, as this can lead to root rot and eventual plant death. It is better to water deeply once or twice per week rather than a light watering every day.
Fertilization
Bidens heterodoxa does not require a lot of fertilization. Fertilization once a month during the growing season using a balanced fertilizer with equal amounts of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium will suffice. However, if the plant is grown in poor soil, some additional fertilization may be necessary. Do not over-fertilize as this can lead to weak and spindly growth.
Pruning
Bidens heterodoxa does not require a lot of pruning. However, to encourage bushier and more compact growth, pinch back the tips of the stems. Deadheading should also be done regularly to encourage continuous blooming. Cut back the plant to about one-third of its height in late summer to encourage fresh new growth and to prevent self-seeding.
Propagation of Bidens Heterodoxa
Bidens heterodoxa is commonly known as the swamp marigold or the floating beggartick. It is a herbaceous plant that typically grows in wetlands, along the edges of ponds, and in other moist environments. The plant is typically propagated through seeds, and there are a few methods that you can use to ensure their successful germination and growth.
Seed Propagation
The most common method of propagating Bidens heterodoxa is through seeds. The seeds can be collected once the plant has stopped flowering, and they will need to be stratified before planting. This means that they need to be stored in a cool, dry place for a few weeks to simulate winter conditions. After stratification, the seeds can be planted in trays or pots with a well-draining growing medium and kept moist until they germinate.
Once the seedlings have emerged, they can be transplanted into larger containers or directly planted into the ground once all risk of frost has passed. Water the plants well during the first few weeks of growth to ensure they establish well.
Division Propagation
You can also propagate Bidens heterodoxa through division. This method is typically used for mature plants that have outgrown their container or need rejuvenation. To divide the plant, carefully dig up the entire root system, and separate the plant into smaller sections with sharp, sterile shears. Each division should have healthy roots and shoots, and they can be planted directly into the ground or in separate containers.
It's important to keep the soil moist and avoid direct sunlight when planting new divisions, as they may have a harder time establishing themselves compared to seed-grown plants.
Cuttings Propagation
Bidens heterodoxa can also be propagated through cuttings, although this method is less common. Take cuttings of healthy, new growth from the parent plant, carefully remove the lower leaves, and place them into a well-draining, moist growing medium such as perlite or vermiculite. Keep the cuttings moist and shaded during the rooting process, and transplant them into their permanent growing location once they have developed roots.
Overall, Bidens heterodoxa is a hardy plant that can successfully propagate through various methods. Choose the one that best suits your needs and experience level, and with some careful attention, you'll see your new plants grow into beautiful, flourishing swamp marigolds.
Disease Management
Bidens heterodoxa is not commonly affected by diseases. However, it is susceptible to root rot caused by overwatering or poorly-draining soil. To prevent root rot, ensure that the soil is well-draining and avoid overwatering the plant. You can also reduce the risk of root rot by applying a fungicide to the soil before planting.
If the plant does become infected with root rot, it is best to remove the affected areas as soon as possible and reduce watering to allow the soil to dry out. Additionally, providing good air circulation and avoiding overcrowding can help prevent fungal diseases from spreading.
Pest Management
Common pests that can affect Bidens heterodoxa include aphids, spider mites, and whiteflies. These pests typically attack the leaves and can cause damage to the plant.
To manage aphids, you can spray the plant with a solution of water and dish soap or use an insecticidal soap. For spider mites, you can rinse the plant with water or use a miticide. To manage whiteflies, you can use yellow sticky traps or insecticidal soap.
It is also important to keep the plant healthy and well-nourished, as healthy plants are less susceptible to pests and diseases. Providing proper cultural conditions, such as adequate light and appropriate watering, can also help prevent pest infestations.
