Bidens biternata: Overview
Bidens biternata, also known as Lour. Merr. & Sherff, belongs to the family Asteraceae. This plant is native to Southeast Asia. It is commonly found growing in rice fields, wetlands, and along the banks of streams.
Common names
Bidens biternata is known by various common names depending on the region. Some of the common names include:
- Chinese: Yin chao hua
- Malay: Kelian air
- Tagalog: Pakpak lawin
General appearance
Bidens biternata is an annual herbaceous plant that grows up to 1 meter in height. It has an upright stem which is branched and covered with fine hairs. The leaves are a dark green color, bipinnate and toothed, and grow up to 20cm long. The flower heads are yellow and consist of ray and disk flowers. The fruit is a black, oblong, hairy achene that is 3-4mm in length.
Uses
Bidens biternata is used in traditional medicine to treat various ailments. In China, the whole plant is used to make a medicinal tea that is believed to help with fever, swelling, and viral infections. In Malaysia, a decoction of the plant is used to treat stomach ailments and to improve blood circulation. The plant also has potential uses in agronomy, as extracts from this plant have insecticidal properties and can be used to control pests in rice fields.
Light Conditions
Bidens biternata thrives under full sun exposure, making it an ideal plant for open areas that receive direct sunlight. It does not tolerate shade well and therefore requires a minimum of six hours of sunshine per day to promote healthy growth and flowering.
Temperature Requirements
Bidens biternata is a warm-season plant that performs best in a temperature range of 18°C to 32°C (65°F to 90°F). It can tolerate higher temperatures, but prolonged exposure to temperatures above 35°C (95°F) may cause it to wilt. Additionally, it is not cold-hardy and may suffer during extended periods of frost or freezing temperatures.
Soil Conditions
Bidens biternata prefers a moderately fertile, well-draining soil that is rich in organic matter. It can grow in a wide range of soil types, including sandy, loamy, and clay soils, but it performs best in soil with a pH range of 6.0 to 6.8. The plant does not tolerate waterlogging, so it is essential to ensure adequate drainage.
Watering and Fertilizing
Bidens biternata requires regular watering, especially during hot, dry weather. It is best to water the plant deeply to encourage strong, deep root development. Fertilization is also necessary to promote healthy growth and blooming. It is recommended to feed the plant with a balanced fertilizer once a month during the growing season.
Cultivation methods
Bidens biternata is a perennial plant that is found in wetlands and along stream banks. It prefers well-drained soils and full sunlight but can tolerate partial shade. The plant is hardy to USDA zones 8-10 and can be grown in containers or in the ground.
Watering needs
Bidens biternata requires regular watering, especially during dry periods, to keep the soil moist. However, it is important not to overwater the plant as it can lead to root rot and other issues. The plant can tolerate some flooding, but prolonged periods of standing water can be harmful.
Fertilization
Bidens biternata is not a heavy feeder and does not require regular fertilization. However, adding a slow-release fertilizer in the spring and mid-summer can promote growth and flowering. It is essential to follow the dosage instructions and not to over-fertilize the plant as it can cause damage.
Pruning
Bidens biternata does not require extensive pruning, but deadheading spent flowers can promote additional blooms. It is best to prune the plant in the winter or early spring to remove any damaged or diseased growth and promote new growth for the upcoming growing season. Trimming back the plant by one-third or half can also help to control its size and shape.
Propagation of Bidens biternata (Lour.) Merr. & Sherff
Bidens biternata, commonly known as Spanish needle, is a perennial herb that belongs to the family Asteraceae. It is native to Asia and is widely distributed in tropical and subtropical regions around the world. The plant is often used for medicinal purposes and is known for its pharmacological properties.
Bidens biternata can be propagated through several methods:
Seed Propagation
Seeds are the primary method of propagation for Bidens biternata. The seeds are small and should be collected when they are fully ripe. After collecting the seeds, they should be cleaned, dried, and stored in a cool, dry place until they are ready for planting.
Plant the seeds in well-draining soil and keep the soil moist until the seedlings emerge. Bidens biternata seeds require light for germination and should be planted at a depth of 1/8 inch. Seeds typically germinate within one to two weeks.
Division
Bidens biternata can also be propagated through division, but this method is not recommended as the plants do not transplant well. However, if you choose to propagate through division, it is best to do so in the spring.
To propagate through division, dig up an established plant and gently separate the root mass into smaller sections. Replant the sections in well-draining soil and water thoroughly.
Stem Cuttings
Propagation of Bidens biternata through stem cuttings is also possible. Choose a healthy stem and cut a 4-6 inch section off the plant. Remove the leaves from the lower half of the stem and dip the cut end into rooting hormone.
Plant the cutting in well-draining soil and cover with a plastic bag to create a humid environment. Keep the soil moist and provide indirect light until roots have formed.
Propagation of Bidens biternata can be achieved through seed, division, or stem cuttings. However, it is important to note that division is not recommended as the plants do not transplant well. Seed propagation is the easiest and most common method of propagating Bidens biternata.
Disease Management
Bidens biternata is generally a resilient plant species that doesn't suffer from many diseases. However, it can occasionally fall victim to some common plant diseases that can weaken the plant if not managed promptly. The most prevalent diseases that affect this plant species include:
- Root Rot: Root rot can be a severe disease that can eventually kill the plant if not handled early. It is caused by soil-borne pathogens that infect the roots of the plant, leading to reduced plant growth, yellowing of leaves, wilting, and eventually death. To manage root rot, ensure the soil is well-drained, avoid overwatering the plant, and use a fungicide to treat the affected plant.
- Powdery Mildew: This fungal disease usually attacks the leaves, stems, and flowers of the plant. The disease can be identified by the white or gray powdery substance that appears on the leaves. To manage powdery mildew, prune the affected parts of the plant, ensure adequate air circulation around the plant, and use a fungicide to treat the plant.
- Leaf Spot: Leaf spots are circular spots that appear on the leaves, and they can be caused by fungal or bacterial infections. The disease can cause premature leaf drop, which can weaken the plant. To manage leaf spot, remove the infected leaves and dispose of them appropriately. Use a fungicide or a bactericide to treat the plant.
Pest Management
Bidens biternata is generally a pest resistant plant, but like any other plant species, it can be attacked by some common pests. The most prevalent insect pests that attack this plant include:
- Aphids: Aphids are tiny, pear-shaped insects that suck sap from the plant, causing yellowing and distortion of the leaves. Aphids usually reproduce fast, making it vital to manage them before they get out of control. To manage aphids, spray the plant with soapy water, use insecticidal soap, or introduce natural predators like ladybugs.
- Spider Mites: Spider mites are tiny bugs that feed on the plant's sap, leading to yellow leaves and webbing. They usually thrive in dry environments, making it essential to keep the plant well-hydrated. To manage spider mites, spray the plant with water to knock off the mites, introduce natural predators like ladybugs, or use an insecticide.
