Overview of Bidens beguinotii (Chiov.) Cufod.
Bidens beguinotii (Chiov.) Cufod. is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae. It is endemic to Ethiopia, where it is known from only a few locations around the Bale Mountains. The plant is named after the Italian botanist Enrico Beguinot, who collected the type specimen in 1936.
Common names
Bidens beguinotii is known by several common names, including Beguinot's bidens, Beguinot's bur-marigold, and Beguinot's two-needle.
Appearance
Bidens beguinotii is a herbaceous annual or biennial plant, growing up to 1 m tall in ideal conditions. The leaves are pinnate, with each leaflet 5-15 cm long and 2-6 cm wide. The plant produces bright yellow flowers, each about 2 cm across, in clusters at the top of the stem. The fruits are achenes that are 2-3 mm long and have two awns that are 10-20 mm long.
Uses
There is limited information about the traditional uses of Bidens beguinotii, but it is believed to have medicinal properties. The plant has been used in traditional medicine to treat coughs, respiratory problems, and fever. Further research is needed to validate these medicinal uses. Bidens beguinotii is also used as an ornamental plant, especially in rock gardens and border plantings.
Growth Conditions of Bidens beguinotii (Chiov.) Cufod.
Light Requirements: Bidens beguinotii (Chiov.) Cufod. are generally adapted to grow in full sun to partial shade. These plants require high-intensity light for photosynthesis and thrive when exposed to at least 6 hours of sunlight per day. However, excessive exposure to direct sunlight can lead to leaf scorching. Therefore, it is usually best to provide some shade during the hottest part of the day.
Temperature Requirements: Bidens beguinotii (Chiov.) Cufod. are known for their tolerance to a wide range of temperatures. These plants can be found growing in many regions with varying climates, from hot and humid to dry and arid environments. These plants tend to prefer temperatures that range from 15-30C but can withstand temperatures as low as -5C. It is important to note, that during periods of extreme heat or cold, it is important to provide adequate protection to prevent damage to the plant.
Soil Requirements: Bidens beguinotii (Chiov.) Cufod. thrive in well-draining soils that have a high water retention capacity. These plants are susceptible to root rot if planted in soils that hold too much water, thus the ideal soil would be sandy loam, loamy, or well-draining clay with a pH range of 4.5-7.5. It is recommended to enrich the soil with compost, manure, or organic fertilizers to promote the growth of these plants. They are generally tolerant of nutrient-poor soils, but it is important that the soil is rich in minerals essential for plant growth, such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium.
Cultivation methods for Bidens beguinotii (Chiov.) Cufod.
Bidens beguinotii is a perennial herb that usually grows up to around 50 cm in height. It is tolerant of various soil types, from sandy loams to clay loams and rocky soils. This plant prefers well-draining soil that is slightly acidic to neutral, with a pH range of 5.8-7.5.
Apart from sunlight, Bidens beguinotii also requires moderate levels of humidity and rainfall. Therefore, it is better suited to tropical or subtropical climates, where temperatures range between 20-30°C. This plant is not tolerant of frost, and it will not survive in regions with a long, cold winter.
Watering needs for Bidens beguinotii (Chiov.) Cufod.
Bidens beguinotii requires regular watering, especially during its active growth stages. Young plants need frequent watering to establish the roots, while mature plants require deep watering once or twice a week, depending on the soil moisture level. This plant needs to be watered at the base, avoiding the foliage, to prevent fungal diseases.
During dry seasons, Bidens beguinotii may need more frequent watering, particularly during the flowering stage when the plant produces more leaves and flowers. However, overwatering may cause root rot, so it is essential to water only when the soil is dry up to a few centimeters deep. Mulching around the plant can help retain soil moisture and prevent weeds from growing.
Fertilization for Bidens beguinotii (Chiov.) Cufod.
Bidens beguinotii requires moderate levels of fertilization to maintain good health and growth. Organic compost, well-rotted manure, or slow-release fertilizers can be applied in the growing season to provide the plant with essential nutrients. Nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium are crucial elements for the plant's growth and flowering.
It is better to avoid high levels of nitrogen application, as this may cause rampant growth at the expense of flowering and can also make the plant more susceptible to diseases. It is advisable to follow the manufacturer's instructions while applying fertilizers, and always apply them to damp soil and water immediately after to prevent fertilizer burn.
Pruning for Bidens beguinotii (Chiov.) Cufod.
Bidens beguinotii requires minimal pruning to maintain its shape and promote healthy growth. Deadheading is essential to promote more flowering, remove damaged or diseased parts, and maintain the plant's aesthetics. Deadheading involves the removal of spent flowers, and it helps channel the plant's energy to produce more flowers.
It is also essential to thin out overcrowded stems to allow enough air circulation around the plant, preventing fungal infections. Any signs of disease, such as yellowing or withering leaves, should be pruned immediately and disposed of properly to prevent the spread of the disease. It is advisable to use clean and sterilized pruning tools to avoid infecting the plant with fungal spores.
Propagation of Bidens beguinotii (Chiov.) Cufod.
Bidens beguinotii (Chiov.) Cufod. is propagated by means of its seeds and cuttings. Let's take a look at both methods:
Propagation via Seeds:
The seeds of Bidens beguinotii (Chiov.) Cufod. require light to germinate, and so they should be sown on the surface of the soil and not covered. It is best to start the seeds indoors in a container, and then transplant once they have sprouted and grown a bit. The ideal time to sow the seeds is in spring or early summer.
Propagation via Cuttings:
Cuttings of Bidens beguinotii (Chiov.) Cufod. can be taken from the tips of the stems. The cuttings should be about 4-6 inches long and should not have any flowers or buds on them. They should be planted in a pot filled with moist soil, and kept in a warm and humid spot (a greenhouse, for instance). Once the cuttings have rooted (in approximately two to three weeks), they can be transplanted into their permanent location.
It is worth noting that Bidens beguinotii (Chiov.) Cufod. is quite easy to propagate, and either method above can be successful if carried out properly.
Disease Management for Bidens beguinotii (Chiov.) Cufod.
Bidens beguinotii (Chiov.) Cufod. is susceptible to certain diseases. The most common ones include:
- Leaf Spot: This is a fungal disease that causes small spots on leaves that can enlarge and cause defoliation. The first step in managing leaf spot is to remove infected leaves. Fungicides can also be used as a preventive measure or to control the disease if it has already appeared.
- Powdery Mildew: This is a fungal disease that causes white powdery spots on leaves and stems. It can be prevented or controlled by using a fungicide regularly and avoiding over-watering.
- Root Rot: This is a fungal disease that affects the roots and causes wilting. The best approach to managing root rot is to avoid over-watering. Fungicides can also be used as a preventive measure or to control the disease if it has already appeared.
Pest Management for Bidens beguinotii (Chiov.) Cufod.
There are several pests that can affect Bidens beguinotii (Chiov.) Cufod. The most common ones include:
- Spider Mites: These pests are tiny and can be difficult to spot. They cause yellowing of leaves and a fine webbing on the plant. They can be prevented or controlled by using a miticide.
- Aphids: These pests are small and can be found on the leaves and stems of the plant. They can cause yellowing of leaves and stunted growth. They can be prevented or controlled by using an insecticide.
- Caterpillars: These pests can cause significant damage to the plant by eating the leaves. They can be prevented or controlled by using a pesticide. Handpicking caterpillars can also be effective.
Regularly inspecting the plant for any signs of damage or infestation is important in preventing and managing pests and diseases. Using organic or natural methods for pest and disease management is highly recommended to minimize the impact on the environment.
