Overview
Bidens artemisiifolia (Jacq.) Kuntze, also commonly known as Spanish needle or bur marigold, is an annual plant species that belongs to the family Asteraceae. This plant is native to North America, but it has spread across other continents because of its hardy nature and ability to grow in various environments.
Description
Spanish needle is a slender, erect plant that can grow up to 3 feet tall. The leaves are fern-like and delicate, with long, narrow lobes that reach up to 4 inches in length. The top of the leaves is dark green, and the underside is lighter. The stem of the plant is covered in several small, needle-like spines that give the plant its common name.
The Spanish needle produces small, yellow flowers that are 1/2 inch in diameter. The center of the flowerhead is made up of small, tubular florets that give way to several long, thin, and pointed yellow petals. These flowers bloom in late summer and fall, and they are followed by small, black, barbed seeds that cling to animals and clothing.
Uses
Spanish needle has been used in traditional medicine to treat a variety of ailments, including digestive issues and skin conditions. Some sources suggest that the plant has antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and antifungal properties that may be useful in treating cuts, wounds, and infections.
In addition, Spanish needle is a popular ornamental plant. It is often grown in gardens and borders because of its delicate foliage and bright yellow flowers. Its hardy nature and willingness to grow in a variety of conditions make it an easy-to-care-for option for gardeners and landscapers.
Cultivation
Spanish needle can be grown from seed in spring after the last frost. The plant prefers full sun to partial shade and well-drained soil. It is tolerant of a wide range of soils and can grow in dry, rocky, or clay soils. Once established, Spanish needle requires little maintenance, but it should be watered during extended dry periods.
Overall, Bidens artemisiifolia is a versatile and hardy plant species that has many uses in traditional medicine and horticulture. Its delicate foliage and bright yellow flowers make it an attractive addition to gardens and borders, while its medicinal properties have been revered for centuries.
Light Requirement
Bidens Artemisiifolia is a sun-loving plant and grows well in full sun. It requires a minimum of 6 hours of direct sunlight to thrive.
Temperature Requirement
Bidens Artemisiifolia grows well in warm temperatures ranging from 20-27°C, which is equivalent to 68-81°F. The plant is adapted to warmer temperatures but can also tolerate lower temperatures. Temperatures below 7°C (45°F) have been shown to cause death in this plant.
Soil Requirement
Bidens Artemisiifolia grows well in a range of soil types, including clay soil, sandy soil, and loamy soil. However, the soil must be well-draining to avoid waterlogged conditions that can lead to root rot. The plant prefers slightly acidic to neutral soil pH, ranging from 5.5 to 7.0. Adequate organic matter in the soil is necessary to promote growth, and regular application of fertilizer can boost growth and performance.
Cultivation Methods
Bidens artemisiifolia, commonly known as Bur Marigold or Beggarticks, is a herbaceous plant that belongs to the family Asteraceae. It is a relatively easy plant to grow, and it enjoys full sun or partial shade. The plant can be propagated from seeds, and it is essential to weed the plant regularly to reduce competition for nutrients and water.
The ideal soil pH level for this plant is between 6.0 to 7.5, and it prefers well-drained soil. In case the soil is not suitable, it is advisable to amend the soil with compost or organic matter to improve its drainage and nutrient content.
Watering
Bidens artemisiifolia requires regular watering to thrive, especially during the dry season. However, over-watering the plant can lead to root rot, affecting its growth and development. A good way to ensure the plant has enough water is to water it deeply once or twice a week depending on the weather conditions and soil moisture content.
It is also important to water the plant at the base and not on the leaves or flowers to reduce the risk of fungal infections and diseases.
Fertilization
Bidens artemisiifolia should be fertilized once every two weeks during the growing season using a complete water-soluble fertilizer. The fertilizer should be applied at half-strength to avoid burning the plant's roots and foliage.
The application of organic compost or manure can also enhance the soil's fertility and provide essential nutrients to the plant. In case the plant's foliage turns yellow, it is an indication that the plant requires additional fertilizer.
Pruning
Bidens artemisiifolia's flowers usually bloom in late summer and early fall, and it is advisable to pinch back the growing tips of the plant early in the growing season to encourage bushier growth.
It is also important to deadhead the plant regularly by removing the spent flowers to promote continuous blooming and improve the plant's appearance. Additionally, pruning the plant after the flowering season can help to prevent the plant from becoming too woody and promote better growth in the next growing season.
Propagation of Bidens artemisiifolia (Jacq.) Kuntze
Bidens artemisiifolia (Jacq.) Kuntze, commonly known as bur marigold, is a perennial herb that belongs to the family Asteraceae. It is native to North America and is widely distributed throughout the United States. The plant produces bright yellow flowers that bloom from July to September. Propagation of this plant can be done through various methods.
Seed Propagation
Seed propagation is the most common method used to propagate Bidens artemisiifolia. Seeds can be collected from mature flowers and then stored for planting. The best time to collect seeds is in the fall when the flowers have turned brown and are starting to dry out. Once collected, the seeds should be stored in a dry and cool place until spring.
In the spring, the seeds can be planted in a well-drained soil mix and kept moist. Germination usually occurs within one to two weeks. Once the seedlings have grown to about 2 inches in height, they can be transplanted to their permanent growing location.
Division Propagation
Bidens artemisiifolia can also be propagated through division. This method involves dividing the plant into smaller sections and replanting them in a new location. The best time to divide the plant is in the spring when new growth is just beginning. The plant should be carefully dug up with a shovel and then the root system should be gently separated into smaller sections. Each section should have a good amount of roots and be replanted in a well-drained soil mix.
Cuttings Propagation
Cuttings can also be taken from Bidens artemisiifolia to propagate new plants. This method involves taking a stem cutting from a mature plant and then planting it in a well-drained soil mix. The best time to take cuttings is in the spring when new growth is just beginning. The cutting should be about 4-6 inches long and should have at least two sets of leaves. Dip the end of the cutting in rooting hormone and then plant it in the soil mix. The cutting should be kept moist and in a shaded area until new growth appears.
Bidens artemisiifolia can be propagated through seed, division, or cuttings. Each method requires different techniques, but all can be successful if done correctly.
Disease and pest management for Bidens artemisiifolia (Jacq.) Kuntze
Bidens artemisiifolia, also known as mugwort beggarticks, bur marigold, and common beggar-tick, is a common weed that is distributed throughout the world. As a weed, it can be difficult to control and can also harbor pests and diseases that can affect other plants in the vicinity. Therefore, proper management of pests and diseases is crucial for the health of other plants in the area.
Common diseases
Bidens artemisiifolia is known to be affected by several diseases, including:
- Alternaria leaf spot: A fungal disease that can cause spots on the leaves and stems of the plant. The infected areas may turn yellow, and the leaves may eventually fall off. To manage this disease, remove and destroy all infected plant parts and avoid overhead watering to reduce humidity.
- Bacterial leaf spot: Another disease that affects the leaves of the plant, causing round or irregularly shaped spots that are dark brown or black. This disease can be managed by removing and destroying infected plant parts, practicing good sanitation, and avoiding overhead watering.
- Verticillium wilt: This fungal disease affects the roots and lower stems, causing wilting and death of the plant. To manage this disease, avoid planting susceptible plants in areas where the disease has been known to occur.
Common pests
Several pests can also affect Bidens artemisiifolia, including:
- Aphids: These small insects feed on the sap of the plant and can cause stunted growth and distorted leaves. To manage this pest, you can use insecticidal soap or neem oil spray and introduce natural predators like ladybugs and lacewings.
- Caterpillars: The caterpillars of several moth species can feed on the leaves and stems of the plant. Handpicking and removing the caterpillars is an effective management strategy if the infestation is not severe. In severe cases, use Bacillus thuringiensis (BT) spray.
- Mites: Spider mites are common pests of Bidens artemisiifolia, causing stippling of the leaves and premature leaf drop. Use neem oil or insecticidal soap to manage this pest.
Proper disease and pest management can help keep Bidens artemisiifolia healthy and prevent the spread of pests and diseases in the area, especially to nearby crops and plants.
