Overview
Biatorella simplex (Davies) Branth & Rostrup is a small, foliose lichen that belongs to the family Graphidaceae. It is a unique species that is known for its fascinating physical features and medicinal properties.
Origin
Biatorella simplex is native to Europe and North America and is usually found growing on the bark of trees and shrubs, especially on spruce and birch. It prefers moist and shady habitats and is commonly seen in temperate forests.
Common Names
The plant has several common names, including the Frog Pelt Lichen, Smooth Rock Tripe, and Oak Moss Lichen.
Appearance
Biatorella simplex is a small, greyish-green lichen that grows in distinct circular patches. Its lobes are smooth, and the edges are usually curled up. The lichen has a thin cortex that is covered with tiny warts. The underside of the lichen is attached to the substrate with a network of root-like structures called rhizines. The reproductive structures of Biatorella simplex are black perithecia.
Uses
Biatorella simplex is not commonly used for any specific purposes. However, it has been found to possess several medicinal properties. It is a rich source of secondary metabolites, including atranorin and secalonic acid, which have been reported to have antimicrobial and anticancer properties. Biatorella simplex has also been used in traditional medicine for treating respiratory problems, bacterial infections, and inflammation.
Growth Conditions for Biatorella Simplex (Davies) Branth & Rostrup
Biatorella Simplex (Davies) Branth & Rostrup is a rare and elusive lichen species that grows exclusively on rocks in areas with high humidity, such as waterfalls, stream edges, and seepage areas. It can be found on both calcareous and siliceous substrates in boreal and temperate forests.
Light Requirements
Biatorella simplex prefers partially shaded environments with indirect sunlight. Direct exposure to sunlight can lead to overheating and dehydration of the thalli, which can cause irreparable damage. Therefore, it is typically found growing on rocks under forest canopies or on the north-facing side of boulders.
Temperature Requirements
Biatorella simplex prefers cool, moist environments with temperatures ranging from 7.5 to 15°C (45.5-59°F). Higher temperatures can lead to excessive water loss from the lichen thalli and cause desiccation. The lichen can also tolerate occasional freezes during winter, but long freezing periods may cause damage or death.
Soil Requirements
Biatorella simplex is not a soil-dwelling species, and it grows exclusively on rocks. However, the type of rock substrate can affect its growth and distribution. The lichen can grow on both calcareous and siliceous substrates, but it shows a preference for calcareous substrates with higher pH. B. simplex is also reported to grow in association with a certain type of moss (Scopelophila cataractae) that provides a favorable microhabitat for the lichen.
Cultivation Method for Biatorella Simplex
Biatorella simplex is a lichen species that grows on bark. To cultivate this plant, you will need a suitable bark substrate where it can grow. You can use a small piece of bark such as oak or hickory to establish the lichen on it. Additionally, growing it in a humid environment will be beneficial for its growth. You would also need to provide indirect sunlight with shade protection.
Watering Needs for Biatorella Simplex
As Biatorella simplex is a lichen, the plant does not require much water to grow. The plant obtains its nutrients through photosynthesis and does not have roots that can absorb water from the soil. To prevent it from drying out, you can spray the plant with water regularly. It is important not to overwater the lichen, as this can cause it to dislodge from its substrate or encourage the growth of unwanted fungi.
Fertilization for Biatorella Simplex
Biatorella simplex is a lichen that obtains all its nutrients from the surrounding environment and requires no fertilization. However, the lichen can benefit from the presence of certain beneficial environmental factors like air purity, low pollution, and a lack of direct sunlight, which is highly damaging to lichens.
Pruning Biatorella Simplex
Biatorella simplex is a lichen, and thus, there is no need for pruning. Instead, you should keep an eye out for pests and diseases that can infect the lichen. Additionally, regular cleaning and checking of the bark the lichen is growing on can help maintain a healthy growing environment.
Propagation methods for Biatorella simplex (Davies) Branth & Rostrup
Biatorella simplex (Davies) Branth & Rostrup propagate mainly through spores and tissue culture. The spores are the primary reproductive structures of this plant. Spores are tiny and lightweight, and they can float in the wind, aiding in their distribution. Upon germination, the spore develops into a protonema, which then develops into the mature plant.
Tissue culture is another propagation method commonly used for the Biatorella simplex (Davies) Branth & Rostrup. It involves taking tissue samples from the plant and growing them in a medium containing nutrients. This creates plantlets that can be transplanted into soil after they have developed adequate roots.
Propagating with spores
To propagate Biatorella simplex (Davies) Branth & Rostrup with spores, the first step is to collect mature sporangia. This plant produces small sporangia in clusters that break open when mature, releasing spores. Once collected, the sporangia can be crushed to release the spores. The spores can then be sown in a suitable medium like a mixture of peat moss and sand.
The medium should be kept moist and at a suitable temperature for the spores to germinate. Over time, the spore will develop into a mature plantlet that can be transplanted into soil.
Propagating with tissue culture
When propagating Biatorella simplex (Davies) Branth & Rostrup with tissue culture, one needs to follow several steps. First, it is necessary to select the best tissue sample. The tissue sample is then sterilized to eliminate any unwanted microorganisms. After sterilization, the tissue is transferred to a culture medium containing all the required nutrients and growth hormones.
The tissue develops into a plantlet that can be transferred to soil after developing roots. Tissue culture propagation is advantageous because it offers the ability to produce numerous plantlets from a single tissue sample. These plantlets can be used for mass production or sharing with other growers.
Disease Management for Biatorella Simplex
Biatorella simplex is a hardy plant, but it can still be susceptible to a few diseases. The most common disease that affects this plant is powdery mildew. It appears as a white or grayish powdery substance on the leaves. The best way to manage this disease is to spray a fungicide on the affected parts of the plant. Some organic options include neem oil and garlic spray. Ensure proper air circulation around the plant to reduce the risk of powdery mildew.
Pest Management for Biatorella Simplex
There are a few pests that can attack Biatorella simplex. The most common of these pests is spider mites, which are tiny insects that can cause damage to the leaves. They are typically found on the undersides of the leaves and can be controlled by spraying a miticide on the plant. Other pests include mealybugs and scale insects, which can be treated with a systemic insecticide. Ensure proper cleanliness of the plant to avoid these pests.
General Management for Biatorella Simplex
In addition to disease and pest management, it is important to ensure that the plant is grown in conditions that are favorable to its growth. This includes well-drained soil and proper sunlight exposure. Ensure proper watering of the plant and avoid overwatering or underwatering as this can contribute to diseases and pests. Regularly fertilize the plant to ensure proper nutrition. By implementing these management practices, Biatorella simplex can thrive and remain healthy.
