Overview
Biatorella moriformis (Ach.) Th. Fr. is a species of lichen that belongs to the family Ramalinaceae. This lichen is commonly found growing on the bark of trees in various habitats including forests, mountains, and rocky areas.
Description
Biatorella moriformis is a fruticose lichen that forms small tufts on the bark of trees. It can reach a height of up to 4 cm and has a diameter of 0.5-1.5 cm. The branches of this lichen are cylindrical and usually covered with a whitish bloom. The upper surface is brownish-green and smooth in texture. The apothecia are small and are usually hidden under the branches. The lower surface is white and also has a cottony texture.
Common names
Biatorella moriformis is known by various common names including black-spored golden shield lichen, rock shield lichen, and tree lichen.
Uses
Biatorella moriformis is not known to have any medicinal or economic uses. However, it is an important species in forest ecosystems as it plays a vital role in maintaining biodiversity and ecological balance. Lichens, in general, are also used as bioindicators of air pollution as they are highly sensitive to changes in the environment.
Light Requirements
Biatorella moriformis requires a moderate amount of light to grow. This plant can tolerate partial shade but prefers direct or indirect sunlight. However, too much direct light can damage the plant's foliage.
Temperature Requirements
The optimal temperature range for Biatorella moriformis growth is between 18-25°C. In general, this plant prefers a cool and damp environment. High temperatures can cause stress and hinder the plant's growth rate, while low temperatures can cause damage to the leaves.
Soil Requirements
Biatorella moriformis is an epiphytic plant that can grow on various substrates, including soil, rocks, and trees' bark. The ideal soil conditions for this plant are slightly acidic to neutral (pH 5.5-7.5) with good drainage. The soil should be moist but not waterlogged as excessive moisture can lead to root rot. Adding organic matter to the soil can promote the growth of beneficial microbes and provide essential nutrients for the plant's development.
Cultivation Methods
Biatorella moriformis (Ach.) Th. Fr. is a small lichen that grows on tree bark and rocks. If you want to cultivate it, the best way is to collect a healthy specimen from the wild and transfer it to a new substrate. You can use a small piece of bark or rock, and attach the lichen with a glue or wire. Place the substrate in a shaded area with good humidity, and you should see new growth after a few weeks.
Watering Needs
Biatorella moriformis (Ach.) Th. Fr. is a lichen that thrives in a moist environment. However, it does not require watering like other plants, as it absorbs moisture and nutrients directly from the air and substrate. You should avoid exposing the lichen to direct sunlight, as it can dry it out and damage its delicate tissues.
Fertilization
Biatorella moriformis (Ach.) Th. Fr. does not require fertilization, as it obtains all its nutrients from its symbiotic relationship with algae. However, if you notice slow growth or discoloration, you can mist the lichen with a dilute nutrient solution, such as 1:1000 strength of nitrogen or phosphorus-rich fertilizer. Repeat the application once a month, but be careful not to over-fertilize, as it can harm the lichen and soil microbial life.
Pruning
Biatorella moriformis (Ach.) Th. Fr. does not require pruning, as it grows slowly and maintains its shape naturally. However, you can remove any dead or diseased parts using a pair of sterilized scissors or a sharp knife. Always make clean cuts to avoid tearing the tissues and introducing pathogens. You can also gently brush off any dust or debris on the surface of the lichen using a soft brush or cloth.
Propagation of Biatorella moriformis
Biatorella moriformis is propagated by spore and vegetative means.
Propagation by spores
The spores of Biatorella moriformis are produced in the perithecia and are released when mature. Spores can either germinate directly on the substrate or be used for artificial propagation in the laboratory. The substrate must be sterile, and the humidity level should be maintained between 70% and 80% for maximum spore germination. The spores can be collected directly from the perithecia or from the air by placing a substrate near the plant.
Propagation by vegetative means
Biatorella moriformis can be propagated vegetatively by division and cuttings. The plant can be carefully divided into two or more parts using a sterile knife. Each part should have roots and shoots to ensure successful growth. Cuttings are also a widely used propagation method where a piece of the plant is taken, and it is either rooted in water or directly inserted into the substrate. The substrate must be kept moist for the successful rooting of cuttings.
Disease and Pest Management for Biatorella moriformis (Ach.) Th. Fr.
Biatorella moriformis (Ach.) Th. Fr., commonly known as the Mulberry mazegill, is a saprotrophic fungus that grows on the deadwood of several tree species, including the mulberry tree. Although it is not usually affected by any serious disease or pest problems, certain environmental conditions can weaken the tree, making it susceptible to various ailments. In the following paragraphs, we will discuss some common diseases and pests that might affect Biatorella moriformis and suggest ways to manage them.
Diseases
Biatorella moriformis can be affected by several diseases that might lead to the tree's decay and death. One common disease that affects the mulberry tree is the powdery mildew disease, which is caused by the fungi Oidium sp. This disease causes a powdery, white coating on the plant's leaves and fruits, affecting its overall growth and appearance. To manage this disease, it is recommended to prune the affected plant parts and maintain good ventilation around the tree to avoid creating humid conditions that enhance the fungi's growth.
The second disease that can affect Biatorella moriformis is the root rot disease, caused by fungi such as Armillaria sp. This disease affects the roots of the tree, leading to wilting, yellowing of leaves, and eventual death of the plant. To manage this disease, it is essential to maintain well-draining soil around the tree, avoid overwatering, and prune the affected roots promptly.
Pest Management
Biatorella moriformis is not usually susceptible to serious pest problems. However, certain pests can attack the plant, causing damage to the leaves and fruits. One of the common pests that affect the mulberry tree is the whitefly. These tiny insects suck the sap out of the plant's leaves, causing yellowing, curling, and wilting of the leaves. Managing whiteflies requires regular pruning of the affected plant parts, spraying insecticides, and releasing beneficial insects such as ladybugs that can help control their population.
The second pest that can affect Biatorella moriformis is the mulberry fruit fly. These flies lay eggs on unripe fruits, which can lead to fruit decay and significant crop losses. To manage this pest, it is essential to monitor the fruits regularly and pick them as soon as they ripen to prevent the flies from laying eggs on them. Additionally, it is recommended to use insecticides and baits to control their population.
Overall, Biatorella moriformis can grow healthy without any major disease or pest problems. However, it is necessary to maintain good plant hygiene, monitor for any signs of damage, and take prompt action to manage any issues that might arise.
