Origin and Common Names
Besseya wyomingensis (A. Nels.) Rydb. is a species of flowering plant that belongs to the family Campanulaceae. It is commonly known as Wyoming kittentail or Wyoming microphylla.
The plant is native to North America and is found in the Great Plains region, particularly in the states of Colorado, Montana, Wyoming, and South Dakota.
General Appearance
Wyoming kittentail is a perennial herb that grows up to 20 cm tall. It has narrow leaves that are arranged alternately along the stem. The stem is hairy and produces a solitary inflorescence at the apex. The flowers are small and tubular, with a purple-blue color. The fruit is a capsule that contains numerous small seeds.
Uses
In traditional Native American medicine, the roots of Besseya wyomingensis were used to treat various ailments, including diarrhea, toothache, and sore throat.
The plant is also used for ornamental purposes, particularly in rock gardens. Its attractive flowers and small size make it a favorite among plant collectors.
Furthermore, it is an important species in the grassland ecosystem, serving as a food source for insects and wildlife. It is also a potential candidate for ecological restoration of disturbed areas in the Great Plains region.
Light requirements
Besseya wyomingensis requires full sun to partial shade for growth purposes. While growing in full sun, the plant requires protection from the hot afternoon sun as it may damage the foliage. The plant's growth and reproduction are expected to be optimal in partial shade conditions.
Soil requirements
Besseya wyomingensis can grow in various soils, including sandy, loamy, and rocky soils. However, the plant thrives best in well-drained, moist soils containing a high amount of organic matter. The plant is intolerant to soils that are excessively dry or wet.
Temperature requirements
Besseya wyomingensis grows well in cool to cold temperatures. It requires a cold winter stratification period to break dormancy. The plant can tolerate extreme cold temperatures down to -29 degrees Celsius. However, during the growing season, the plant prefers moderate temperatures ranging from 15 to 20 degrees Celsius for optimal growth.
Cultivation methods
Besseya wyomingensis is a perennial herbaceous plant that thrives well in sunny or partially shaded parts of the garden. It prefers well-draining, moist soils that are not waterlogged to grow and develop optimally. You can plant the seeds directly in the garden bed after the last frost date or start them indoors for transplanting later on.
Watering needs
Consistent and adequate watering is necessary to keep Besseya wyomingensis healthy and strong. It needs moderate water amounts to keep its soil moist but not waterlogged. Check the soil moisture level regularly and water the plant when the top inch of soil feels dry to the touch. Avoid overwatering as it can lead to root rot and other diseases.
Fertilization
Besseya wyomingensis benefits from regular fertilization to support its growth and development. Use a balanced, slow-release fertilizer during the spring and summer months to provide the necessary nutrients. Alternatively, you can amend the soil with compost, aged manure, or other organic matter to enrich the soil and improve its fertility levels.
Pruning
Pruning is essential to keep Besseya wyomingensis in top shape and enhance its appearance. You can cut back the spent flowers to encourage more blooms and prevent seed development. Additionally, remove any dead or diseased stems and foliage to maintain the plant's overall health. Prune the plant in the late summer or early fall when necessary.
Propagation of Besseya wyomingensis
Besseya wyomingensis is a highly ornamental plant that can be reproduced through various propagation methods such as seed, stem cuttings, and division.
Propagation by Seed
The most common and successful method of propagation for Besseya wyomingensis is through seed. The seeds are produced in small pods and can be easily collected once they turn brown. Germination can be improved by stratification, which involves chilling the seed at 40°F to 50°F for a few weeks. The seeds can be sown in early spring in well-drained soil and placed in partial shade.
Propagation by Stem Cuttings
Besseya wyomingensis can also be propagated through stem cuttings. The cuttings should be taken from the parent plant in late spring or early summer and should be at least 3 inches long. The cuttings should be dipped in a rooting hormone and placed in sterile, well-draining soil. It's important to keep the soil moist and to ensure that the cutting is not exposed to direct sunlight until it has established roots.
Propagation by Division
An additional method of propagation for Besseya wyomingensis is division. This method involves separating the parent plant into smaller sections, each with its own roots and shoots. Division should be done in the spring or fall and the plant should be carefully lifted and gently separated into smaller sections. It's important to ensure that each section has enough roots to survive on its own and to replant each section in a well-draining soil in partial shade.
Disease Management
Besseya wyomingensis is known to be relatively disease-resistant. However, it may occasionally be susceptible to fungal diseases such as powdery mildew and rust.
To manage powdery mildew, remove and destroy infected plant parts and make sure to improve air circulation around the plant. Fungicides may also be applied to manage the disease.
Rust can be managed by removing infected plant parts and properly disposing of them. Fungicides may also be applied but should be used with caution to avoid damaging the plant.
Pest Management
The plant may sometimes be affected by spider mites, aphids, and leaf miners.
Spider mites can be managed by using insecticidal soap or a strong stream of water to remove them from the plant. Regularly dusting the plant and keeping it well-moistened will also help deter spider mites.
Aphids can be managed by using insecticidal soap or neem oil. Beneficial insects such as ladybugs and lacewings can also be introduced to control aphids.
Leaf miners can be managed by removing and destroying affected leaves. Pruning the plant to improve air circulation and using insecticides may also help manage the pest.
Overall, maintaining good plant hygiene, regularly inspecting the plant, and promptly addressing any issues will help ensure healthy growth of Besseya wyomingensis.
