Introduction
Bersama paullinioides (Planch.) Baker is a tropical plant species that belongs to the Meliaceae family. It is commonly known as "Pincushion tree" or "Pincushion berry" because of the orange-red fruits that look like small pincushions.Origin
Bersama paullinioides is native to the tropical and subtropical regions of Africa, including Zimbabwe, Tanzania, Mozambique, and Madagascar. It grows in the wild forests, savannas, and bushlands of these regions.Description
Bersama paullinioides is a small to medium-sized tree that can grow up to 15 meters tall. The trunk is usually straight and up to 60 cm in diameter. The bark is gray-brown and rough. The leaves are compound, with 10-21 leaflets that are 3-9 cm long and 1-3 cm wide. The tree produces small and inconspicuous white flowers that are followed by orange-red berries. The fruits are small, round, and resemble a pincushion, measuring up to 1 cm in diameter.Uses
Bersama paullinioides has many uses in traditional medicine. The bark, leaves, and fruits of the plant are used to treat a variety of ailments, including malaria, fever, diarrhea, and headache. The bark is also used as a tonic, and the leaves are used to repel insects. The wood of the tree is durable and used for making furniture, tool handles, and carvings. In modern times, the plant is used in the cosmetic industry for its skin-nourishing properties. The oil extracted from the seeds is used in skin and hair care products.Conclusion
Bersama paullinioides is a unique and versatile plant species that has been used by Africans for centuries. Its distinctive orange-red fruits have led to it being commonly referred to as the "Pincushion tree". With its various medicinal uses and other applications, this plant plays an important role in the lives of many people in Africa and beyond.Light Requirements
Bersama paullinioides thrives in partial shade to full sun. Although it can tolerate full sun, it grows best in partial shade as direct sunlight can lead to leaf scorching. Therefore, it is advisable to plant this species in a location that receives shade for at least a part of the day.
Temperature Requirements
This plant prefers a tropical or subtropical climate with high humidity levels. The optimum temperature range for growth is between 18-30°C. The species can tolerate short periods of colder temperatures, but prolonged exposure to frost can cause severe damage or death.
Soil Requirements
Bersama paullinioides grows well in well-draining, fertile soil with a pH between 5.5 and 7.5. The soil should also be rich in organic matter and nutrients. The species can tolerate a range of soil types, including loamy, sandy, or clay soils. However, it is best to avoid planting in waterlogged or highly compacted soils as they can restrict root development and lead to poor growth and yield.
Cultivation Methods
Bersama paullinioides or the Malaysian cherry is a tropical tree that can be grown outdoors in USDA Zones 9 to 11. It prefers partial shade and well-draining soil, rich in organic matter. The tree can grow up to 15 meters tall and has a spread of 10 meters. It is generally propagated through seeds or cuttings.
Watering Needs
Being a tropical plant, Bersama paullinioides requires frequent and moderate watering, especially during the hot and dry season. However, the plant prefers well-drained soil, and overwatering may cause root rot. To maintain the right moisture level, you can check the top 2-3 inches of soil and water the plant when it feels dry to the touch.
Fertilization
Bersama paullinioides responds well to high-nitrogen fertilizers. During the growing season, which is usually spring and summer, you can fertilize the tree every two weeks. However, you should reduce the frequency to once a month during the cooler months. To prevent root burn, it is advisable to dilute the fertilizer to half the recommended strength.
Pruning
Pruning is essential for Bersama paullinioides to maintain its shape and improve productivity. The best time to prune the tree is in the late winter or early spring before the new growth appears. During pruning, focus on removing diseased or dead branches, shaping the tree to your desired form and size, and opening up the canopy to improve air circulation and light penetration. To prevent the spread of diseases, always sterilize your pruning tools before use.
Propagation of Bersama paullinioides (Planch.) Baker
Bersama paullinioides (Planch.) Baker, also known as the African dogwood or wild cherry, is a small deciduous tree or shrub that is native to Sub-Saharan Africa. This plant is mainly propagated through seeds, cuttings, or suckers.
Propagation through seeds
The easiest way to propagate Bersama paullinioides is through seeds. The seeds are best collected from ripe fruits that have fallen to the ground. The fleshy part of the fruit should be removed, and the seeds should be allowed to dry. Before sowing the seeds, they should be moistened in warm water for a few hours. The seedlings should be transplanted after they have grown to a height of about 20 cm.
Propagation through cuttings
Bersama paullinioides can also be propagated through semi-hardwood cuttings that are taken in summer from mature trees. The cuttings should be around 15 to 20 cm long and should have at least two nodes. The leaves on the lower half of the cutting should be removed, and it should be dipped in rooting hormone. The cuttings should be placed in a well-draining soil mixture and kept moist. They should be ready for transplanting after they have rooted in about 6 to 8 weeks.
Propagation through suckers
Bersama paullinioides can sometimes produce suckers at the base of the tree. These can be removed and transplanted into individual containers filled with well-draining soil mixture. The suckers should be watered and kept in a humid environment until they have established their root system, after which they can be transplanted into the ground.
Disease Management
Bersama paullinioides is susceptible to a variety of diseases, including fungal leaf spots, root rots, and wilts. Preventative measures, such as providing proper drainage and maintaining good air circulation, can help reduce the likelihood of disease. Additionally, it is important to promptly remove any infected plant material to prevent the spread of disease to other plants.
Fungicides can be effective in treating fungal diseases. However, it is important to properly identify the specific fungal pathogen causing the disease to select the appropriate fungicide. In general, fungicides containing copper or sulfur can be effective against many fungal diseases.
Pest Management
Bersama paullinioides is susceptible to a variety of pests, including caterpillars, scales, and aphids. Regularly inspecting plants for signs of pest infestation and promptly addressing any issues can help prevent pest populations from getting out of control.
Biological controls, such as introducing natural predators or parasites of the pest, can be an effective and eco-friendly way to manage pest populations. Additionally, insecticidal soaps or oils can be applied to plants to kill pests without harming beneficial insects.
For severe infestations, chemical insecticides may be necessary. However, it is important to carefully follow the instructions on the label and use the least toxic option available to minimize harm to beneficial insects and the environment.
