Overview of Bersama abyssinica Fresen. subsp. engleriana (Gürke) F.White
Bersama abyssinica Fresen. subsp. engleriana (Gürke) F.White is a plant species that belongs to the Meliaceae family. It is commonly known as the Ethiopian mahogany or African birch and is native to eastern and southern Africa. The plant is widely distributed in tropical and subtropical Africa and can be found in Zimbabwe, South Africa, Tanzania, and Kenya, among other countries. The plant is well known for its medicinal properties and has been used traditionally by African communities for centuries to treat various illnesses.
Appearance of Bersama abyssinica Fresen. subsp. engleriana (Gürke) F.White
Bersama abyssinica Fresen. subsp. engleriana (Gürke) F.White is a medium-sized tree that can grow up to 15 meters in height. The tree has a grey-brown bark that is rough and deeply fissured. Its leaves are compound and pinnate, with glossy green leaflets that are slightly serrated. The flowers are small, white, and sweet-scented and are produced in loose clusters. The fruit is a green, fleshy berry that turns yellowish-brown or reddish-brown as it ripens.
Uses of Bersama abyssinica Fresen. subsp. engleriana (Gürke) F.White
The plant has several uses, both traditional and modern. The bark, leaves, and roots of the plant contain various bioactive compounds, including saponins, flavonoids, and alkaloids, which have significant medical value. The plant has been used to treat several ailments in African traditional medicine, including malaria, fever, diarrhea, and wounds, among others. The plant's fruits are edible and are used locally to make jams and jellies. The wood of the plant is also of high commercial value, and it is commonly used in furniture making, paneling, and construction. The plant is also used in landscaping and as an ornamental tree in gardens and parks.
Bersama abyssinica Fresen. subsp. engleriana (Gürke) F.White is an important plant species in Africa, and its significance cannot be overstated. The plant's medicinal properties have made it an essential component of traditional medicine in Africa. Additionally, its commercial value has led to its widespread cultivation, providing a reliable source of income for farmers.
Growth conditions for Bersama abyssinica Fresen. subsp. engleriana (Gürke) F.White
The typical growth conditions for Bersama abyssinica Fresen. subsp. engleriana (Gürke) F.White include a variety of elements such as light, temperature, and soil requirements.
Light requirements
This plant requires partial to full sunlight for optimal growth. It can survive in partial shade, but it may not reach its full growth potential. When planted indoors, it should be placed near a window that receives ample sunlight.
Temperature requirements
Bersama abyssinica Fresen. subsp. engleriana (Gürke) F.White thrives in warm temperatures, typically between 20°C to 30°C (68°F to 86°F). It can tolerate slightly cooler temperatures, but it may not grow as well. It cannot survive in cold temperatures and should be protected from frost.
Soil requirements
This plant grows best in well-draining soil with a pH between 5.5 to 6.5. It can tolerate a range of soil types, including sandy and loamy soil, but it does not do well in waterlogged or poorly-draining soil. Adding organic matter to the soil can help improve its quality and provide the plant with essential nutrients.
Cultivation Methods
Bersama abyssinica Fresen. subsp. engleriana (Gürke) F.White is a hardy plant that is native to eastern and southern Africa. It is a slow-growing tree that can reach a height of up to 10 meters when fully matured. Cultivating this plant requires a well-drained soil in semi-shaded areas, and it is preferably grown in warm tropical climates. Ensure that the soil is rich in organic matter and is kept moist at all times to ensure optimal growth.
Watering Needs
Bersama abyssinica Fresen. subsp. engleriana (Gürke) F.White requires consistent watering to prevent the soil from drying out. Watering must be regulated to avoid over-watering, which could lead to root rot. The plant needs more water during the hot season and less in the cooler months. The key is to maintain the right moisture balance in the soil, and the best drainage is ideal to maintain this balance.
Fertilization
Proper fertilization is essential for the healthy growth of Bersama abyssinica Fresen. subsp. engleriana (Gürke) F.White. Fertilize at the beginning of each growing season by applying a slow-release fertilizer. Alternatively, use organic compost to add nutrients to the soil. Remember not to over-fertilize as this could lead to salt accumulation and cause harm to the plant.
Pruning
B. abyssinica Fresen. subsp. engleriana (Gürke) F.White does not require significant pruning. However, if there are damaged or diseased branches, prune them to prevent the spread of infection. Pruning can also help to shape the tree. Prune only during the warm season as growth will be slow during the colder months, and new growth could be vulnerable to frost damage. It is best to hire an expert if you are uncertain about the pruning process.
Propagation of Bersama abyssinica Fresen. subsp. engleriana (Gürke) F.White
Bersama abyssinica Fresen. subsp. engleriana (Gürke) F.White can be propagated using different methods. The two main methods of propagation are:
Seed propagation
Seeds can be used to propagate Bersama abyssinica. Mature fruits of the plant can be collected and seeds extracted. The seeds can be cleaned and sown in seedling trays filled with a mixture of loamy soil and sand. A well-draining and moisture-retentive substrate should be used for sowing. Seeds should be sown at a depth of not more than 1 cm in the substrate. The trays should be placed in a shaded nursery and watered regularly to maintain the moisture content of the substrate. The seedlings can be transplanted into individual containers when they are strong enough to handle, and eventually to the field.
Vegetative propagation
Bersama abyssinica can also be propagated vegetatively. The plant can be propagated through stem cuttings or layering. For stem cuttings, cuttings should be taken from the current season's growth of the plant. The cuttings should be about 15 cm long, and remove leaves from the lower half of the stem. The cuttings should be planted in a mixture of loamy soil and sand, and then placed in a shaded nursery. The substrate should be kept moist by frequent watering. The cuttings should root in about two months and can be transplanted into individual containers. Layering is another method of vegetative propagation, and it is particularly useful for woody plants. In this method, a branch of the plant is partially buried in the soil, and the portion of the buried stem produces roots and new shoots. The rooted shoot can be removed and transplanted into individual containers or the field.
Disease Management
Bersama abyssinica subsp. engleriana is a plant species that is relatively resistant to diseases. However, it may still be infected by some common plant diseases, including:
- Leaf spot: This disease manifests itself in the form of circular spots on the plant's leaves. To manage this disease, remove infected leaves and keep the plant well-ventilated and dry.
- Anthracnose: This disease can lead to premature leaf drop and plant death. To manage this disease, remove infected leaves and avoid overcrowding of plants.
- Dieback: This disease starts with the tip of the plant and progresses downwards, causing leaves to wilt and turn brown. To manage this disease, prune infected areas and dispose of infected plant debris.
Pest Management
Bersama abyssinica subsp. engleriana is susceptible to various pests that can cause significant damage. Some pests that may affect this plant include:
- Aphids: These pests suck the sap from the plant, causing stunted growth and distorted leaves. To manage this pest, use insecticidal soap or neem oil.
- Mealybugs: These pests hide in the crevices of the plant and also suck sap from it. To manage this pest, use a soft brush to dislodge and remove them from the plant. Apply insecticidal soap or neem oil if necessary.
- Spider mites: These pests cause yellowing and stippling of leaves, eventually leading to leaf drop. To manage this pest, keep the plant well-ventilated and apply insecticidal soap or neem oil.
