Origin
Berlandiera ×humilis Small (pro sp.) is a hybrid plant species that belongs to the Asteraceae family. It is a naturally occurring hybrid of Berlandiera lyrata and Berlandiera pumila and is native to the south-central United States.
Common Names
The plant is commonly known as the Texas green eyes or Green-eyed broomweed.
Uses
Berlandiera ×humilis has several uses in traditional medicine. The leaves and flowers of the plant have been used to make a tea that is believed to help cure various ailments, including fever, colds, and coughs. The plant is also used to treat arthritis and rheumatism.
The plant also has ornamental value and is grown in gardens for its attractive bright yellow daisy-like flowers.
General Appearance
Berlandiera ×humilis is a small perennial plant that grows up to 1-2 feet tall. It has a fibrous root system and produces multiple slender stems that are nearly erect. The leaves are alternate, unlobed, and have a pale green color with fine hairs on the surface. The flowers of the plant are bright yellow and measure around 2.5 cm in diameter. They have prominent yellow-green centers that resemble eyes - hence, the common name 'Green-eyed broomweed.' The fruits of the plant are achenes that are cylindrical and covered with white silky hairs.
Growth Conditions for Berlandiera ×humilis Small
Berlandiera ×humilis Small is a perennial herb that requires specific growth conditions for optimal growth and development. Here is detailed information about the typical growth requirements:
Light Requirements
Berlandiera ×humilis Small requires full sun or partial shade for healthy growth. It thrives in areas where it receives at least six hours of direct sunlight per day. Lack of sunlight can result in weak stems, stunted growth, and limited flowering.
Temperature Requirements
Berlandiera ×humilis Small prefers warm to hot temperatures, between 60 and 80°F. It is important to note that this plant is drought-tolerant and can survive in areas with high temperatures. It is recommended to provide adequate irrigation during hot and dry spells to keep the soil moist.
Soil Requirements
Berlandiera ×humilis Small requires well-drained soil that is moist, fertile, and rich in organic matter. This plant can thrive in different soil types, including loam, sandy, or clay soils. However, it is important to ensure that the soil has good drainage to prevent waterlogging, which can cause root rot.
Overall, Berlandiera ×humilis Small is a hardy and versatile plant that can adapt to a wide range of growth conditions. Given the right light, temperature, and soil requirements, this plant can thrive and produce beautiful flowers that attract pollinators such as bees and butterflies.
Cultivation methods for Berlandiera ×humilis
Berlandiera ×humilis, also known as the chocolate daisy, thrives in well-draining soil, preferably sandy and loamy soil. If the soil is too acidic, the plant may struggle to absorb nutrients from the soil. Ensure that the soil has a pH of between 6.0 and 8.0. Plant the chocolate daisy in a location with full sun exposure, as it requires at least six hours of sun daily, and can grow up to one to two feet tall.
Watering needs of Berlandiera ×humilis
The Berlandiera ×humilis plant requires moderate watering. It can withstand long periods of drought and adapts quickly to varying moisture levels. Only irrigate the plant when the soil is dry to a depth of 4-6 inches. Avoid overwatering, as it can lead to root rot or other related diseases.
Fertilizing Berlandiera ×humilis
As a native plant, Berlandiera ×humilis does not require a lot of fertilization. However, fertilization increases the plant's growth rate. Use a slow-release fertilizer once a year or amend the soil with compost or manure to provide the plant with additional nutrients. Always conduct a soil analysis before adding any fertilizers, as excess nutrients can lead to poor growth or even death of the plant.
Pruning of Berlandiera ×humilis
Pruning Berlandiera ×humilis helps to promote the plant's shape and growth pattern. To encourage bushier growth, pinch the plant's tips during its initial growth stage. Remove any dead flowers or leaves to promote air circulation and discourage pests. Avoid pruning the plant during the winter season, as it enters dormancy during this time.
Propagation methods for Berlandiera ×humilis Small
Berlandiera ×humilis Small (pro sp.), also known as the Texas greeneyes, is a flowering plant that belongs to the family Asteraceae. It is a hybrid species that grows in rocky and drought-prone areas of Texas and New Mexico. If you want to propagate Berlandiera ×humilis, you can use the following methods:
Division
Berlandiera ×humilis can be propagated by division in the spring. When the plant has finished flowering, you can dig up the rhizomes and separate them into sections, making sure each section has some roots. Replant the sections in well-drained soil and water them regularly until they establish themselves.
Seeds
Berlandiera ×humilis can also be propagated by seeds. Collect the ripened seeds in the autumn and store them in a dry location until spring. In the spring, sow the seeds directly into the soil where you want them to grow. The soil should be well-drained and moist. Cover the seeds with a thin layer of soil and water them gently. Germination usually occurs within two weeks, and the seedlings will bloom in their second year.
Cuttings
Berlandiera ×humilis can be propagated by softwood cuttings in the late spring. Take a stem cutting about 4 to 6 inches long from the plant's new growth. Remove the leaves from the bottom half of the stem and dip the cut end in rooting hormone. Plant the cutting in well-drained soil and water it gently. Cover the cutting with a clear bag or plastic wrap to create a humid environment, and place it in indirect sunlight. After about two weeks, roots should start to form, and the plant can be removed from the bag and planted in its permanent location.
Disease and Pest Management for Berlandiera ×humilis Small (pro sp.)
Berlandiera ×humilis Small (pro sp.), commonly known as the Chocolate Daisy, is a low-maintenance plant that thrives in dry and hot conditions. However, like any other plant, it is not immune to various diseases and pests. Here are some common issues and ways to manage them:
Diseases
One common disease that affects Berlandiera ×humilis is fungal rust. This disease is characterized by small, yellow-orange spots on the leaves, which eventually turn brown and fall off. To manage this, avoid overhead watering and maintain proper spacing between plants to increase air circulation. Remove infected plant material and treat with a fungicide.
Another disease that might infect the Chocolate Daisy is powdery mildew. This is characterized by a white, powdery coating on the leaves and stems of the plant. The disease thrives in high humidity and can be prevented by watering the plants at the base, ensuring good spacing, and allowing for good ventilation and light penetration. If powdery mildew appears, treat the plant with a fungicide.
Pests
Common pests that might affect Berlandiera ×humilis are aphids, spider mites, and whiteflies. Aphids and whiteflies are small insects that infest the leaves and stems of the plant and suck out its sap. Spider mites, on the other hand, create fine webs, typically on the underside of the leaves, and feed on the plant's tissues. To manage these pests, regularly inspect the plants and use insecticidal soaps or pesticides according to the label directions.
Another pest that might affect the Chocolate Daisy is the snail or slug. They usually feed on the lower leaves of the plant and leave irregular holes or markings. To manage this, handpick the snails and slugs or use a bait that contains iron phosphate.
Lastly, deer and rabbits might also be attracted to your Berlandiera ×humilis plants, causing damage to the leaves and flowers. To prevent this, consider using physical barriers like a fence or using repellents with scents that deter these animals.
